Conference Proceedings

Vishwakarma Yojana is an approach towards Rurbanization, it has been proposed to provide the benefit of real world experience to engineering students and apply their technical knowledge in the planning, development and management of rural infrastructure facilities. Rurbanization means urban facilities and amenities in rural area, developing village with help of rural soul and urban amenities. Sisodra (Ganesh) is a Village in Navsari Taluka in Navsari District of Gujarat State, India. It is located 5 KM North from Navsari and 305 KM from State capital Gandhinagar. In this village there are essential infrastructural facilities like Water Supply, Road Network and Electricity, primary school, secondary and higher secondary school etc have been good and sufficient on the other hand there is lack of infrastructural facilities like drainage, public library, public toilet, and public garden. Here in this paper we researched on a Primary Health Centre which is in village but in poor condition.

Keywords : Provision of Urban Amenities in Rural Area, Problems of Rural People, Rurbanization, Rural Development, Sustainable Development

Recent

[1] Standatrd Norms [2] vy.gtu.ac.in [3] http://ipindiaservices.gov.in/publicsearch [4] Ganesh Pandurang Tambe “Nature friendly garbage disposal system”, Maharashtra, India

Many of the existing reinforced concrete structures throughout the world are in urgent need of strengthening, repair or reconstruction because of deterioration due to various factors like corrosion, lack of detailing, failure of bonding between beam-column joints, increase in service loads, spalling, loss of strength, deflection, etc., Retrofitting techniques have changed the old scenario to construct the new structure always by demolishing the damaged one. Retrofitting is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to external force quantities. The objectives like higher loading requirements; damage by accidents and environmental conditions, rectification of initial design flaws, change of usage can be achieved by retrofitting. Though, retrofitting technique have many significant advantages, suffers from a limitation that sometimes can occur which is debonding and BOND SLIP. Thus in this paper, efforts have been made to identify the parameters which plays a major role for causing bond slip and solution have been tried to find out for limiting the same. In this paper efforts have been made to study the bond slip phenomenon in different variety of retrofitted specimen such as jacketed specimen without any bonding agent (Specimen _N) and jacketed specimen with SBR and shear key (Specimen _SK). After performing experiments, the bond strength was evaluated in both of the cases and has given satisfactory results.

Keywords : Bond slip, Jacketing, Retrofitting, Bond strength, Debonding, Specimen _N, Specimen _SK

Recent

[1] Ariel D. Espeche, Javier Leon, “Estimation of bond strength envelopes for old to new concrete interfaces based on a cylinder splitting test”, Construction and building materials 25 (2011) 1222-1235. [2] P. PoluRaju, D. Tharun, C. V. MadhuBala, “Experimental Evaluation of Retrofitted Concrete Beams Using CFRP and GFRP”, International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October, pp. 812-818. [3] X.Z. Lu, J.G. Teng, L.P. Ye, J.J. Jiang, “Bond-slip models for FRP sheets/plates bonded to concrete”, Engineering Structures 27 (2005) 920-937. [4] B.V.Kumar, P Prakash,”Use of waste plastic in cement concrete pavement”. [5] N.,Lakshmanan, “Siesmic evaluation and retrofitting of buildings and structures”, ISET journal of earthquake technology 43 (2006) 31-48. [6] Giuseppe Oliveto, Massimo Marletta, “Seismic retrofitting of Reinforced concrete buildings using traditional and innovative techniques”, ISET journal of earthquake technology, Vol.42, No.2-3, June-Sept 2005, 21-46. [7] Kartini, K,Mahmud, H.B, Hamidah, M.S, “Strength properties of grade 30 rice husk ash concrete”, 31st conference on our world in concrete & structures: 16 - 17 august 2006, Singapore. [8] Gerardo M. Verderame, Paolo Ricci, Giovanni De Carlo, Gaetano Manfredi, “Cyclic bond behaviour of plain bars. Part I: Experimental investigation”, Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 3499–3511. [9] Tan Eng Slang, “Effect of coconut fiber and egg albumen in concrete for greener environment”, A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the bachelor degree of civil engineering. [10] E. Dehghani, F. Daneshjoo, A.A. Aghakouchak, N. Khaji, “A new bond-slip model for adhesive in CFRP - steel composite systems”, Engineering structures 34 (2012) 447-454. [11] Michael A. Colalillo, Shamim A. Sheikh, “Siesmic retrofit of shear-critical reinforced concrete beams using CFRP”, Construction and building materials 32 (2012) 99-109. [12] IS 456:2000 – Indian Standard Plain and Reinforced concrete – Code of Practice. [13] IS 383:1970 - Specification For Coarse And Fine Aggregates From Natural Sources For Concrete.

Civil Engineering has a very important role in practical life because it creates a safe foundation & provides facility for smooth conduction of life. So it’s very important that the structure under which the people breathe should resist all worst conditions and provide them safety. For that purpose, for a maximum safety, to achieve good strength of components of building during its maximum life period, here we introduce a material Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP). A relatively new class of non-corrosive, high-strength, and lightweight materials, have, over the past 15 years or so, emerged as practical materials for a number of structural engineering applications. Fiber Reinforced Polymer has a very important role in construction work. We can get more strength from the components of building by using it. Also we can increase the load carrying capacity of the components of buildings. When an FRP specimen is tested in axial tension, the applied force per cross sectional area (stress) is proportional to the ratio of change in the specimen’s length to its original length (strain). When the applied load is removed, FRP returns to its original shape or length. In other words, FRP responds linear – elastically to axial stress.

Keywords : Fiber Reinforced Polymer, FRP, High Strength, Light Weight

Recent

[1] Strengthening of RC Continuous Beam Using FRP Sheet bySoumya Subhashree, Master of Technology in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering), Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela Rourkela-769008, Odisha, India, May 2012 [2] Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites as Internal and External Reinforcements for Building Elements by TaranuNicolae, Oprişan Gabriel, IsopescuDorina, EnţucIoana, Munteanu Vlad and BanuCatalin. [3] Performance of Different Types of FRP Sheets Bonded to Concrete Using Flexible Adhesive, Hesham M. Diab, Civil Engineering Department, Assiut University, Egypt. [4] Experimental Investigation of RC Beams Strengthened with Externally Bonded FRP Composites, Nadeem A. Siddiqui, Department of Civil Engineering, KingSaud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. [5] Why Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Structural Shapes Have Become a Material of Choice, By Daniel A. Witcher, P.E., S.E. [6] Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Composites for Infrastructure Applications. Focusing On Innovation, Technology Implementation and Sustainability, Ravi Jain, Luke Lee, Springer 2012.

This type of lightweight concrete has no coarse aggregates in its mixture, and it can be mentioned that aerated lightweight concrete is the concrete mortar which is aerated with gas injection and also can be aerated by using air entraining agent. Aerating concrete by using air entraining agents is more practical in production of LWC. Fine aggregates that can be used to produce aerated concrete are known to be silica sand, quartzite sand, lime and fly ash. Considering methods of curing, aerated concrete can be categorized into two main groups which are autoclaved aerated concrete and non-autoclaved aerated concrete. Curing is an important factor affecting mechanical and physical properties of concretes in different categories. According to different reports, AAC can reach higher strength values with less drying shrinkage when it is compared to non-autoclaved aerated concrete (NAAC). Therefore, it can be concluded that autoclaving process has beneficial effects on strength development and also on shrinkage of aerated concrete. Autoclaved Aerated concrete (AAC) has many benefits for structures such as heat insulation, sound insulation, fire and mould resistance, reduced dead weight and many more. AAC products include blocks, wall panels, floor and roof panels, and lintels. Besides insulating capability, one of AAC's advantages in construction is its quick and easy installation since the material can be routed, sanded and cut to size on site using standard carbon steel band saws, hand saws and drills.

Keywords : Autoclaved Aerated concrete, AAC, lightweight concrete, heat insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance, reduced dead weight

Recent

[1] Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (Aac) Block, Turn Key Manufacturing Plant for Sudan. [2] Temporary Structures, Department of Construction Management Winter Quarter 2007, University of Washington. [3] Autoclaved Aerated Concrete - Fire Safety, Technology Brief, Resource Information from The International Masonry Institute. [4] Autoclaved Areated Concrete as A Holistic Building System, By Angelo Coduto, Michael Donough, Aia, Ncarb. [5] Humidity Intrusion Effects on Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete, By SasanSomi, Master of Science in Civil Engineering, Eastern Mediterranean University, November 2011, Gazimağusa, North Cyprus.

Polymer is an essential cause of environment pollution. plastic is a widely name given to different polymers with high molecular weight, which can be degrade by various process. Literature survey shows that investigates the possibility of various plastic degradation by various fungi and various microorganisms. Polymer are highly resistant to degradation by using fungi and microorganisms is a great challenge. Important chemical chain wear detects by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR). The degrading ability of fungi and microorganisms was evaluated by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), co2 production.

Keywords : Polymer Degradation, Fungi, Microorganisms

Recent

[1] Immanuel O. M., Ibiene A. A. and Stanley H. O, 2014 Enhanced biodegradation of polyethylene by fungus isolated from the koluama mangrove swamp in the Niger Delta Scholars Research Library, J. Microbiol. Biotech.Reserch, 4 (2):1-9 [2] Vishnusingh, manishdubey and seemabhadauria , microbial degradation of polyethylene (low density) by aspergilliusfumigatus and penicilliumsp, asianj.exp.biol.sci 3(3) 2012: 498-501 [3] Dede mahdiyah, elpawati1, bayuharimukti, isolation of polyethylene plastic degrading-bacteria [4] V.Mahalakshmi,S.Niren Andrew Department of Microbiology, Madras Christian College, East Tambaram, Chennai-600059, Assessment of Physicochemically treated plastic by fungi, Scholars Research Library Annals of Biological Research, 2012. [5] ChondeSonal. G, Chonde Sachin. G, Bhosale P. R, Nakade D. B, Raut P. D, Studies on degradation of synthetic polymer Nylon 6 by fungus Trametesversicolor NCIM 1086, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2(3), 2012 [6] Jozefafridrich, polonazalar, martinamohorcic, uesaklim, andrajkezar, Ability of fungi to degrade synthetic polymer nylon-6, ELSEVIR, science direct chemespheric 67(2007) [7] Koichirotachibana, karuhikohashimoto, mashtoyoshikana, Isolation and charaterization of microorganisum degradation nylon-4 in the composted soil, ELSEVIER polymer degradation & stability (2010) [8] Sachin SakhalkarDr. R.L. Mishra, Studies on Degradation of Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) by Soil Mycoflora, Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences (SAJB) 2014; 2(2): 85-89 [9] Fredericktrinh tan, davidg.cooper, milanmaric, jamesa.nicell, Biodegradtion of syntheic co-polyester by aerobic mesophilic microorganisms, ELSEVIR,Polymer degradation and stability 93,2008 [10] D.Jeykumar ,j.christan , mukeshdoble, Synergistic effects of pretreatment and blending on fungi mediated biodegradation of polyproplene, ELSEVIR ,bioresoures technology 143(2013)78-85

Rainfall, runoff is highly non-linear and complicated phenomena in nature which requires modeling and simulation for the accurate prediction. The tool used to predict the rainfall-runoff pattern is by formulating the model using artificial neural network. The general application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) act as ‘black-box’ models of rainfall-runoff processes. The ANNs have been applied to both real and theoretical catchments with both measured and synthetically-generated rainfall-runoff data. The ANN tool has become an attractive alternative to the traditional statistical methods. This review considers the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to rainfall–runoff modeling. The effects of the number of layers are studied on the observed data and the result so obtained is compared with the observed values. Validation of the models is also discussed in the study. Different types of ANN Networks are compared with their architectures and based on their model performances. The present work involves Rainfall-Runoff modeling using Artificial Neural Network Using ANN software tool Neuro-solution, Linear Regression by least squares method using Microsoft office tool Excel is done also. The eight years’ data from 2001-2008 is utilized for analysis. The Rainfall-Runoff model is developed by applying Multilayer perceptron (MLP) and Linear Regression (LR) to predict daily Runoff as a function of daily rainfall for the catchment area under consideration of Damanganga basin. Neural network architecture is established for daily rainfall-runoff relationship for monsoon season data and yearly data. A linear regression model is also formulated. The seasonal data gives a better fit in comparison to yearly data and it gives higher value of coefficient of determination.

Keywords : Rainfall-Runoff, Prediction, ANN, Least Mean Square, Linear Regression

Recent

[1] McCulloch, W. S.; Pitts, E. (1943), "A logical calculus of the ideas imminent in nervous activity", Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics: 541–544. [2] Hebb, D.O. (1949), the organization of behavior. New York: Wiley & Sons [3] Rosenblatt, Frank (1957), The Perceptron--a perceiving and recognizing automaton. Report 85 460-1, Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory. [4] Minsky M. L. and Papert S. A. (1969),Perceptrons, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [5] Widrow and Hoff (1960), Adpative Switching circuits, in 1960 IRE WESCON Convention record, part 4, New York: IRE, pp. 96-104. [6] Minsky, M.; S. Papert (1969), An Introduction to Computational Geometry. MIT Press, ISBN 0-262-63022-2. [7] Rosenblatt (1962), Principles of Neurodynamics. Washington, DC:Spartan Books. [8] Pal et al. (2002), MLP based forecasting model for Dum station, www.iasri.Res .in/ebook/EB_SMAR/e-book.../3-ANN.pdf.network vs linear discriminant analysis in credit ratings forecast: A comparative study of prediction performances, Review of Accounting and Finance, Volume 5, Issue 3, 2006, pp. 216-227. [9] Lin and Chen (2005), Application of an artificial neural network to typhoon rainfall forecasting, Hydrological Process, 19, 1825–1837 (2005) Wiley Inter Science (www.interscience.wiley.com)

In this modern era of 21st century the urbanization increases worldwide, in heavily populated cities the availability of land is becoming less and cost of land is becoming higher. In view of popularity & less availability of land, tall structures are only solutions for overcoming the problems. A tall structure should be designed to resist the lateral load like Earthquake force within the permissible limits set by Standards. Loads are mainly of two types that are Gravity Loads & Lateral Loads likes Earthquake load. Earthquake forces are further two types, Static Forces & Dynamic Forces. It would be linear and Non-linear also. Linear static analysis can be performed for Low Rise Structure & law earthquake zones only. For tall structure it is necessary to consider nonlinearity, which is generally observed in geometry & materials. Our study is based on “P-Delta” analysis which incorporates geometric nonlinearity in the analysis. The study will be performed on structural software ETABS.

Keywords : Geometric Nonlinearity, Lateral Loads, Linear Static Analysis, Non-Linear Analysis, P-Delta, Structural Software, Tall Structure

Recent

[1] Chung B.T., “Dynamic Behaviour of Multi-storey Buildings” Engineering Report, University of Auckland, No. 492, 1991. [2] CSI Analysis Reference Manual for SAP2000, ETABS, SAFE, CSI Bridge. [3] Dinar Yousuf, Karim Samiul, Barua Ayan, Uddin Ashraf, “P-Delta Effect in Reinforced Concrete structures of Rigid Joint”, ISOR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Vol. 10, December 2013. [4] Dubey S. K., Sangamnerkar Prakash, Soni Deepak, “Dynamic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Framed Buildings under Non Linear Analysis”, International Journal of Engineering Development and Research (IJEDR), Vol. 2. [5] E. L. Wilson and A. Habibullah, "Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multi-Story Buildings Including P-Delta Effects”, 1987. [6] Konapure C. G., Dhanshetti P. V., “Effect of P-Delta Action on Multi-Storey Buildings”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), Vol. 4, January 2015.

water is the basic element of social and economic physical system and is essential for healthy social and sustainable development. The use of remote sensing and geographical information system in water and waste water streams monitoring and management. Geographical information system used to present the spatial distribution of the parameters and raster maps created. Application of this type of GIS based software promotes sustainable management of water resources. The review shows the analytical results concentration of parameters like biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid.

Keywords : Creek Water Parameters, Water Quality Management, GIS Software

Recent

[1] Norsaliza Usali & Mohd Hasmadi Ismail, “Use of Remote Sensing and GIS in Monitoring Water Quality”, Journal of Sustainable Development Vol. 3, No. 3; September 2010. [2] P. Balakrishna, Abdul Saleem and N. D. Mallikarjun,” Ground Water Quality Mapping Using Geographical Infromation System (GIS): A Case of Gulbarga City, Karnataka, India”, African journal of environmental science and technology, dec 201. [3] Rajkumar V. Raikar, Sneha, M. K “Water quality analysis of Bhadravathi taluk using GIS– a case study”,International Journal Of Environmental Sciences Volume 2012 [4] T. Subramani S. Krishnan P. K. Kumaresan” Study of Groundwater Quality with GIS Application for Coonoor Taluk in Nilgiri District “International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) www.ijmer.com Vol.2, Issue.3, May-June 2012 pp-586-592 ISSN: 2249-6645 [5] Hema Sailaja, M. Anji Reddy, “Surface Water Quality Assessment and Mapping Using WQI and GIS- A Case Study from Hyderabad” V Volume-4, Issue-7, July-2015 • ISSN No 2277

A shear wall is a structural element used to resist horizontal forces parallel to the plane of the wall. Shear wall has highly in plane stiffness and strength which can be used simultaneously resisted large horizontal loads and support gravity loads. It is very necessary to determine effective, efficient and ideal location of shear wall. Shear wall are specially designed structure walls include in the building to resist horizontal forces that are includes in the plane of the wall due to wind, EQ and other forces. They are mainly a flexural member and usually provided in the high rise building to avoid the total collapse of the high rise building under seismic forces. In this research G+9 storey building is presented with some investigation which is analyzed by changing various location of shear wall for determining the optimum structural configuration of multistory building by changing shear wall location radially by analyzed and designed as a space frame system by computer aided software, subjected to lateral and gravity loading in accordance with IS provisions.

Keywords : Shear walls, Lateral loading, Zero eccentricity, Stresses, Design configuration

Recent

[1] IS:456-code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete [2] IS:875(part 1-5)- code of practice for structural safety of building loading standards [3] IS 1893(Part-1):2002, Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures. [4] IS 13920:1993, Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structure subjected to seismic forces-code of practice. [5] SP:16-design aids for reinforced concrete [6] Dr. Memari Ali, (2010), office building G, Eastern United States. Technical report, vol-3. [7] M.Ashraf, Siddiqi Z.A. & Javed M.A., (2008), Configuration of a multistorey building subjected to lateral forces, vol-9, page no: -525-537. [8] Kaltakci M.Y., Arslan M.H., Yavuz G., (2010), Effect of internal & external shear wall location on strengthening weak RC frames, vol-17, page no: - 312-323. [9] Onkar V. Sapate, Dr.A.M.Pande/International journal of Engineering Research and Applications. Vol. 1, Issue 4. pp.1515-1521 [10] Dr. Jain k., Explanatory example on indian seismic code IS 1893 (Part-1). [11] Dr. Shah H.J. & Dr. Jain Sudhir k., Design example of a six storey building. [12] Earthquake tips (1 to 24), Learning earthquake design and construction.

Waste is an unavoidable by product of most human activities which is increasing day by day with increase in economic development and rising living standards. The principal of solid waste are residential households and agricultural waste. The pollution through the agricultural waste and other loose bio devastate materials like forestry fallen leaves and bio mass wood waste materials is becoming more problematic in many developing nations. So to reduce problems related to pollution the briquette plant project is offered by the briquetting plant manufacturers.

Keywords : Bio briquettes, Agricultural Waste

Recent

[1] AndrewSetiawanRusdiantoa, MiftahulChoiron “Analysis of Bio Pellet Process based on Mass Balance” Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 3 (2015) 262 – 265 [2] Daniyantoa, Sutidjanb, Deendarliantoc, AriefBudiman “Torrefaction of Indonesian sugar-cane bagasse to improve bio-syngas quality for gasification process” Energy Procedia 68 (2015) 157 – 166 [3] JitthepPrasityousila*, AkarawitMuenjina “Properties of solid fuel briquettes produced from rejected material of municipal waste composting” Procedia Environmental Sciences 17 (2013) 603 – 610 [4] M. Bernardoa , N. Lapaa, M. Gonçalvesa, B. Mendesa, F. Pinto “Study of the organic extraction and acidic leaching of chars obtained in the pyrolysis of plastics, tire rubber and forestry biomass wastes” Procedia Engineering 42 ( 2012 ) 1739 – 1746 [5] M.Zainuddina, S. Rosnaha, M. MohdNoriznana, I. Dahlan “Effect of Moisture Content on Physical Properties of Animal Feed Pellets from Pineapple Plant Waste” Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia 2 (2014) 224 – 230 [6] Md. Ahiduzzamana, A.K.M. Sadrul Islam “Development of biomass stove for heating up die barrel of rice husk briquette machine” Procedia Engineering 56 (2013) 777 – 781 [7] NehaPatni, Shibu G. Pillai, Ankur H. Dwivedi “Wheat as a Promising Substitute of Corn for Bioethanol Production” Procedia Engineering 51 (2013) 355 – 362

Traditional reinforcement methods in concrete have been accepted for many years as common practice. Recently confinement has become important for improving ductility & strength and for preventing shear failure. Now-a-days internal confinement & external confinement has been very popular for seismic up gradation of existing concrete specimens. The focus of this project is to compare the behavior of unconfined, confined and retrofitted concrete specimens using innovative materials.

Keywords : Unconfined, Confined & Retrofitted Concrete Specimen, CSM (Chopped Strand Mat)

Recent

List of IS Codes: [1] Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced concrete, IS 456:2000, fourth revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [2] Indian Standard Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design, IS 10262:1982, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [3] Indian Standard Specification for Coarse and Fine Aggregate from Natural Sources for Concrete, IS 383:1970, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [4] Indian Standard Code for General Construction In Steel, IS 800:2007, third revision, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. Books: [5] Gambhir M. L., Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Limited, New Delhi, 2010. [6] Shetty M. S., Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, S. Chand Technical Publication, New Delhi, 2011. Papers:

Since there are many sources of the gaseous emissions and strict rules as well as regulations are being imparted so as to stop this emission from this sources. But seeing apart from them Urban Water Cycle that mainly consists of various water supply, sewer lines, wastewater treatment plants, etc. is also the contributors to these emissions. The emissions given by them are stringent GHG and also highly toxic gases like hydrogen sulphide, VOC. This emission plays vital role as precursors to global warming and climate change. This paper gives review about the process leading to various emissions from sewer lines and sewage treatment plants. When the sewer flows through the sewer lines to the WWTP various gases gets generated and comes in contact to ambient atmosphere leading to their negative long term or short term impact on various surrounding infrastructures, living bodies, non-living bodies etc.

Keywords : Gaseous Emissions, GHG emissions, Formation Processes, Urban Water Cycle

Recent

[1] Albert Guisasola, David de Haas, Jurg Keller, Zhiguo Yuan. “Methane formation in sewer systems.” Water Research 42 (2008) 1421 – 1430. [2] Listowski1, H. H. Ngo1, W. S. Guo1, S. Vigneswaran1, H. S. Shin and H. Moon, “Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Urban Wastewater System: Future Assessment Framework and Methodology.” Journal of Water Sustainability, Volume 1, Issue 1, June 2011, 113–125 [3] Rodriguez-Caballero, I. Amymerich, M. Poch, M. Pijuan. “Evaluation of process condition triggering emissions of green-house gases from a biological wastewater treatment system.” Science of the Total Environment 493 (2014) 384-391. [4] CMA, “Emission estimation techniques manual for sewage and wastewater treatment version 2.0.”, August 2008 [5] Christopher J. Quigley & Richard L. Corsi. “Emissions of VOCs from a Municipal Sewer.” Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, May 1995:(45)395-403. [6] Daesung Kyung, Minsun Kim, Jin Chang, Woojin Lee. “Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from a hybrid wastewater treatment plant.” Journal of Cleaner Production 95(2015)117-123. [7] Elena Eijo-Rio, Anna Petit-Boix, Gara Villalba, Maria Eugenia Suarez-Ojeda, Desiree Marin, Maria Jose Amores, Xavier Aldena, Joan Rieradevall, Xavier Gabarrell. “Municipal sewer networks as source of nitrous oxide, methane and hydrogen sulphide emissions: A review and case study.” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 3(2015) 2084-2094 [8] El-Fadel, Massoud. “Methane emissions from wastewater management.” Environmental Pollution 114(2001) 177-185. [9] Guisaslo A, de Hass P, Keeler J, Yuan Z, “Methane formation in sewer systems.” Water Research 42, (2008), 1420-1430. [10] Kyoohong Park, Hongsik Lee, Shaun Phelan, Susanthi Liyanaarachchi, Nyoman Marleni, Dimuth Navaranta, Veeriah Jegatheesan, Li Shu. “Mitigation strategies of hydrogen sulphide emission in sewer network – A review.” International Biodetrioration & Biodegradation 2014:1-11. [11] Michael D. Short,Alexander Daikeler, Gregory M. Peters, Kirsten Mann, Nicholas J. Ashbolt, Richard M. Stuetz, William L. Peirson. “Municipal gravity sewers : An unrecognized source of nitrous oxide.” Science of Total Environment 468-469(2014)211-218. [12] Madhuri Mudragaddam, “Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Emission Factors Applicable to Wastewater Wet Wells.” University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations, 5-14-2010 [13] Marlies J. Kampschreura, Hardy Temminkb, Robbert Kleerebezema, Mike S.M. Jettena, Mark C.M. van Loosdrechta. “Nitrous oxide emission during wastewater treatment.” Water Research 43 (2009) 4093-4103 [14] Ori Lahav, Amitai Sagiv, Eran Friedler. “A different approach for predicting H2S(g) emission rates in gravity sewers.” Water Research 40 (2006) 259-266. [15] Yiwen Liu, Bing-Jie Ni, Keshab R. Sharma, Zhiguo Yuan. “Methane emission from sewer.” Science of the Total Environment 524-524(2015)40-51. [16] ZHOU Xing, ZHENG You-Fei, KANG Na, ZHOU Wei, YIN Ji-Fu. “Greenhouse gas emissions from sewage treatment in China during 2000-2009” Advances in Climate Change Research 3(4):205-211, 2012.

Water bodies are the biological wealth to mankind so its duty of all humans to maintain its quality. Various festivals religious rituals that are foremost in India have much importance of rivers. In accordance to this there is decrease in water quality and the water bodies are loaded with toxic materials and chemicals due to idol immersions. This paper gives clear idea about the various materials that are used in forming of Idols and the negative impact caused due to these materials on the human and aquatic life. The major parameter that are affected severely due to idol immersion are also listed. Sustainable management must be carried out by the cooperation of Government Authority as well as citizens.

Keywords : Adverse effect, Idol Immersion, Materials, Parameters

Recent

[1] B. Sarwade, N. A. (2014, oct-dec). “Evaluation of Physicochemical Parameters of River Krishna, Sangli Maharashtra”. Octa Journal of Environmental Research, 2(4), 329-337 [2] Article on “Make Ganesh Utsav and Durga Puja toxics-free”. With inputs from Kalpavriksh, written and compiled by Parvinder Singh, Senior Programme Office, Toxics Link. [3] Anu, U. S. (2010, october). “Seasonal Analysis of Soil Sediment of Shahpura Lake of Bhopal (M.P)”. International Journal of Environment Science and Development, 1(4), 333-335. [4] Bhavsar Sunil, T. T. (2014). “Evaluation of heavy metals pollution quest of idol immersion in the river Tapti through Environmetrics”. InternationaL Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4(5), 974-982. [5] Dr. Mahesh K. Mishra, N. M. (2013, May). “An Assessment of the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Bhamka Pond, Hanumana, Rewa District, India”. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(5), 1781-1788. [6] Patil Kishor G, S. V. (2014, May). “Preliminary Study of Effects of Idol Immersion on Futala-Telangkhedi Lake”. International Journal of Researches in Biosciences, Agriculture & Technology, II(2), 408-410. [7] Purushottam J. Puri, M. Y. (2010). “Study and Interpretation of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Lake Water Quality in Nagpur City (India)”. Rasayan J. Chem, 3(4), 800-810 [8] Sarika ahadure, P. S. (2014, 11-13 july). “Sustainable Approach for Conserving and Managing for Urban Water Bodies”. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Global Business, Economics, Finance and Social Sciences, 1-15. [9] Sayan Bhattacharya, A. B. (2014). “Effects of Idol Immersion on the Water Quality Parameters of Indian Water Bodies: Environmental Health Perspective:. International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, 20(2), 234-264.

Reinforced concrete frame structure is very common in present times due to its ease in construction. Frame consists of vertical and horizontal elements. Vertical elements columns and horizontal elements are beams and slabs. These are the structural elements. These are designed to take the load and transfer it. Load taken by these elements are in the form of dead load, live load and lateral load. Other than these structural elements there are also non-structural elements like masonry walls also called infill walls. Infill walls are mostly used for the purpose of partitioning and to cover/separate the outer periphery of the frames/buildings. Design of R.C. frame with infill walls is practiced as 1) Infill walls are separated from frame 2) Infill walls are built integrally but considered as non-structural elements 3) Infill walls are built integrally and considered as structural element. This study is based on analysis of R.C. buildings with masonry infill walls which incorporates geometric nonlinearity in the analysis. The study will be performed on structural software ETABS.

Keywords : Geometric Nonlinearity, Infill Walls, Non-Structural Elements, R.C. Frame

Recent

[1] Asteris PG (2003), “Lateral stiffness of brick masonry infilled plane frames”, ASCE J. Structure Engineering, 129(8), 1071-9, Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) (1993), 6.27 - 6.47. [2] V. Mulgund, d. M. Patil, p. B. Murnal, a. B. Kulkarni, “Seismic assessment of masonry infill R.C. framed building with soft ground floor”. [3] Haroon Rasheed Tamboli and Umesh. N.Karadi, “Seismic Analysis of RC Frame Structure with and without Masonry Infill Walls”. [4] Hossain Mohammad Muyeed-Ul-Azam and Khan Mahmud Amanat, “Effect of Infill as a Structural Component on the Column Design of Multi-Storied Building”. [5] Madan A, Reinhorn AM, Mander JB and Valles RE (1997). “Modeling of masonry infill panels for structural analysis”. ASCE J. Str. Engg., 123 (10), 1295-7. [6] Mosalam KM, White RN and Gergely P (1997). “Static response of infilled frames using quasi-static experimentation”. ASCE J. Str. Engg., 123 (11), 1462-9. [7] Mulgund g. V., dr. Kulkarni a. B., “Seismic assesement of rc frame buildings with brick masonry infills”. [8] Papia M (1998). “Analysis of infilled frames using a coupled Finite Element and Boundary Element solution scheme”. Intl. J. Num. Meth. Engg., 26, 731-42. [9] Saneinejad A and Hobbs B (1995). “Inelastic design of infilled frames”. ASCE J. Str. Engg., 121 (4), 634-43.

With growing population, industrialization and urbanization, the odour problem has been assuming objectionable proportion. Urbanization without proper sanitation facilities is a major cause of odour problem. Odour affects human beings in a number of ways. Strong, unpleasant or offensive smells can interfere with a person’s enjoyment of life especially if they are frequent. Most commonly reported odour-producing compounds are hydrogen sulfide, volatile organic compounds, which is generated from landfill site or dumping ground. The objective of this study is to treat solid waste in economical way to reduce the odour nuisance. This research will be carried out at Kanjur site with specific experimentation using garbage gas collector on municipal solid waste. Presently, India does not have any defined odour policy to measure and control this nuisance. To maintain the aesthetic value of the environment there is requirement of new products which are to be adopted to minimize the odour. These products are natural and non-toxic which are used to enhance degradation rate of organic waste.

Keywords : Odour neutralizer, Municipal solid waste, Odour nuisance

Recent

[1] Boyd, J. (2000) “Unleashing the Clean Water Act, the Promise and Challenge of the TMDL Approach to Water Quality,” Resources, Issue 13 [2] Arsal Saral, Selami Demir and Senol Yildiz, 2009, Assessment of odorous VOCs released from a main MSW landfill site in Istanbul Turkey via a modeling approach, Journal of hazardous material, Volume 168 issue 1, 338-345. [3] Hudgin Mark and Green Leon, 2000, Innovative Landfill Gas and Odor Control Using an Aerobic Landfill System, Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation, Odors and VOC Emissions, Volume 23, 914-936. [4] Jing-Jing Fan, Na Yang, Dan-Yan Cen, Li-Ming Shao and Pin- Jing, 2012, Odor compounds from different sources of landfill: Characterization and source identification, Waste Management, Volume 32, Issue 7, 1401–1410. [5] X. L. Zhang, S. Yan, R. D. Tyagi and R.Y. Surampalli, 2012 Odor control in lagoons, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 124, 62–71. [6] M. A. Capanema, H. Cabana and A.R. Cabral, 2014, Reduction of odours in pilot scale landfill biocovers, Waste Management, Volume 34, Issue 4, 770–779. [7] Derek Strench, Guy Laister, Lindsay Stranchan, Margot Saner, Odor Trail from Landfill Sites. [8] Paulina Mielcarek, Wojciech Rzeznik, 2015, Odor Emission Factors from Livestock Production, Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 1, 27-35. [9] Aleksandra Burkowska, Maria Swiontek Brzezinska, Agnieszka Kalwasińska, 2011 Impact of the Municipal Landfill Site on Microbiological Contamination of Air. [10] Odor Quantification Methods & Practices at MSW Landfills journal, 1998. [11] Workshop on Challenges in Odour Monitoring and Control in Distilleries, 2008. [12] Guidelines on odour pollution & its control, 2008. [13] Odour monitoring and control on landfill sites, 2013.

Canals are the major conveyance system of any irrigation project, which delivers the irrigation water to fields. Most of these canals are earthen so considerable water losses take place due to seepage. These losses can be overcome by lining the bed and sides of the canal cross-section with an impervious material. Lining of canal reduce the operation and maintenance cost, erosion and also improves the flow velocity. Different materials are available for lining the canal like concrete lining, mineral lining, brick lining, asphaltic lining, and geo membranes lining. However, in our country as per environmental condition mostly tile and cement concrete lining is popular. These type of lining have long life or effective in price and most satisfactory for all kind of locations. The main objective is to find out the most economical method of canal lining based on the cost criteria in relation to the wastages etc.

Keywords : Canal, Cost, Irrigation, Lining

Recent

[1] Bureau of Indian Standards. (1982). ‘‘Criteria for design of lined canals and guidelines for selection of type of lining.’’ IS: 10430, New Delhi. [2] Manual of canal lining.’’ Tech. Rep. No. 14, Central Board of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi. [3] Ashfaque A. Memon1, Khalifa Q. Leghari1, Agha F. H. Pathan1, Kanya L. Khatri2, Sadiq A. Shah2, Kanwal K. Pinjani3, Rabia Soomro2, Kameran Ansari, June 20, 2013, “Design and Evaluation of Dadu Canal Lining for Sustainable Water Saving”, 5, 689-698 [4] Mahesh M. Karad1, R.A. Panke2, P.A. Hangargekar, Vol. 2 Issue 11, November – 2013, “Seepage Losses through Canals & Minors”. [5] Mr. Amrut Sangale, Dr. S. S. Valunjkar, May 2015, “Cost Effectiveness of Different Canal Lining Materials”, Volume-3. [6] M. Arshad, Q. Zaman and A. Madani, “Lining Impact on Water Losses in Watercourses: A Case Study in Indus Basin, Pakistan,” Annual Conference of the Canadian Society for Bioengineering, North Vancouver, 13-16 July 2008, pp. 1-12. [7] S. M. S. Shah, Z. M. Maan and M. K. Sarwar, “Impact of the Alternative Lining of Water Course on Cost and Effi- ciency,” Science, Technology and Development, Vol. 30, No. 4, 2011, pp. 31-38. [8] Pradeep Shau, “The Use of Canal Lining Available Material and Its Comparative Study” e-ISSN: 2278, ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 3 Ver. IV (May-June 2014).

Soil is an essential resource which plays an important role in environment, economic and social functions. Soils possessing high quality not only fulfil food and fiber demands but also support to establish natural ecosystem, enhancing air and water quality. Land degradation caused due to salinization and sodification of soils has become a universal problem. It also reduces the per capita availability of land resources. Sodic and saline-sodic soils possess poor physical properties and fertility problems that adversely affect the growth and yield of most crops. The negative water balance in soil leading to salinization and sodification is caused by less precipitation, unmanaged use of water resources and Excessive evaporation. Sodic soils are very difficult and costly to reclaim compared to saline soils. Sodic soils require the addition of suitable amendments to replace adsorbed sodium at the cation exchange sites by calcium. Sodification and salinization affects the water holding capacity, nutrient availability, hydraulic conductivity, water uptake by the plants, root penetration and seedling germination. The use of gypsum with biological amendments proved to be more beneficial in reclaiming the sodic and saline-sodic soils than gypsum alone.

Keywords : Harmful Effects, Land Degradation, Reclamation, Saline Soil, Sodic Soil

Recent

[1] N. A. Haque, M. E. Haque, M. E. Hossain, M. K. Khan and A. H. M. Razzaque “Effect of Farm Yard Manure, Gypsum and Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Rice in Saline Soil of Satkhira District, Bangladesh”, Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, vol. 3 (2), 2015, p. 65-72. [2] Dr. E. V. Naidu and B. Uday Bhaskar “Approaches to Reclamation of Saline Alkali soil” [3] José Gerardo López-Aguirre, Javier Farias-Larios, Jaime Molina-Ochoa, Sergio Aguilar-Espinosa, María del Rocío Flores-Bello and Martín González-Ramírez “Salt Leaching Process in an Alkaline Soil Treated with Elemental Sulphur under Dry Tropic Conditions”, World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 3 (3), 2007, p. 356-362. [4] Sachin Jaiveersingh Yadav and Dr. Sunil Bhimrao Thakare “Cow Dung for Treatment of Saline Soil and Cow Importance from Vedas”, International Hournal of Engineering Research and General Science, vol. 3 (3), 2015, p. 445-452. [5] Sajal Roy, Md. Zafar Afsar and Md. Abul Kashem “Nutrient content of Indian spinach in saline soil as affected by different organic manures”, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 4 (5), 2014, p. 694-702. [6] Talib Ali and M. Akram kahlown “Role of Gypsum in Amelioration of Saline-Sodic and Sodic Soil”, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, vol. 3 (3), 2001, p. 326-332. [7] Y.P. Singh, U.C. Dubey, Sudhir Singh and S.K. Dubey “Interventions of Sodic Soil Reclamation Technologies and Constraints in their Adoption”, Indian Research Journal of Extent and Education, vol. 13 (2), 2013, p. 36-40.

In R.C. buildings, frames are considered as main structural elements, which resist shear, moment and torsion effectively. These frames are subjected to variety of loads, where lateral loads are always predominant. Infrastructures of Gulf countries are always remarkable as they mostly follow EURO standards for construction development. In view of the demand of such codes across the developing countries like India, an attempt is made to compare EURO standards with Indian standards using structural software.

Keywords : R.C. buildings, INDIAN standards, EURO standards, lateral forces, structural software

Recent

[1] Dr. V.L.Shah & Late Dr. S.R.Karve, “Illustrated design of Reinforced concrete Buildings” [2] Duggal S.K., “Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures”, Oxford University [3] EURO CODE 2: Design of Concrete Structures [4] EURO CODE 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance [5] Falak Parikh and Vimlesh Agarawal, “Shear Strength and Column Depth for RC Beam Column Joint Comparison of Draft Code with Euro Code”, International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Research, Vol.2, No.3, August-2013 [6] IS 456:2000: Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete [7] IS 1893 (Part-1):2002: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures [8] Maria A. Parisi, M. ASCE, “The Eurocode for Earthquake-Resistant Design: An Outline” [9] P.Bisch, E.Carvalho, “Eurocode 8:Seismic Design Of Building Worked Examples”,Lisbon,10-11 Feb.2011 [10] Yogendra Singh & Vijay Namdev Khose; Dominik H. Lang, “A Comparative Study of Code Provisions for Ductile RC Frame Buildings”, 15 WCEE, 2012

This study is basically concentrated on use of bracings in steel buildings. Here many parameters like bending moment, axial force, joint displacement, utility ratio etc. will be assessed under lateral loads generated from earthquake particularly. Bracings are to be placed in variety of mode in the typical frame, and from them attempt is to be made to find best bracing configuration considering minimum possible weight. The study is carried out on computer software SAP 2000.

Keywords : Axial Force, bracing systems, parameters, steel frame, software SAP 2000

Recent

[1] Bosco, M. Rossi, P.P., 2009, Seismic behaviour of eccentrically braced frames, Engineering Structures 31 (2009) 664_674 [2] Canney, N., Dr. Roeder, C., Dr. Lehman,D., 2003,Performance of concentrically braced frames under cyclic loading [3] Cook, A.J., 2005, Structural Steel Framing Options for Mid and High Rise buildings [4] Goel, S.C., Lee, H.S., 1990, Strengthening of RC Structure with ductile steel bracing [5] Ho, C. Y., Schierle, G. G., 1992, High-rise Space Frames: Effect of configuration and lateral drift [6] Jason M., 2005, seismic performance of a concentrically braced frame with an innovative bracing system, CBE Institute [7] Kasal, B., Hankin Chair, Jay Crandell, 2006, Wall Bracing. Part 1: Basic Components for Code Compliant Bracing, The Pennsylvania Housing Research/Resource Center [8] Moghaddam, H., Hajirasouliha,I., Doostan,A., 2005, Optimum seismic design of concentrically braced steel frames: concepts and design Procedures, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 61 (2005) 151–166 [9] Mofid, Massood, Lotfollahi, Mehrdad, 2006, On the characteristics of new ductile knee bracing systems, Journal of Constructional Steel Research 62 (2006) 271–281 [10] Naeemi, Mina, Bozorg, Majid, 2009, Seismic Performance of Knee Braced Frame, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 50 [11] Patil, H.S., Modhera, C. D., Deulkar,W. N., Trends in Passive Vibration Control and Some Studies of Braced Frame [12] Paul M., 2009, Steel Moment Frames – History and Evolution, Structural Engineer magazine, Simpson Strong-Tie [13] Popov, Egov P.,1982, Seismic Steel Framing Systems for Tall Buildings, Engineering Journal/ American institute of steel construction, third quarter [14] Richard M. D., 2005, Steel Structures: Not Just Buildings, Modern Steel Construction [15] Timoshenko S., 1974, Vibration problems in engineering, Wiley [16] Whittaker, A., Constantinou, M., 2004, Seismic energy dissipation systems for buildings, In: Bertero VV, Bozorgnia Y, editors, Earthquake engineering, from engineering seismology to performance-based engineering. CRC Press

The study carried out on Khan Sarovar treatment plant’s water deals with the influence of environmental parameters on the ground water quality and water bodies. The waste water of approximately 60,00,000 liters’ quantity is directly disposed into the canal, after treatment. The water which is chemically and biologically harmful should be treated or its assessment should be happens so as to cure it in better way. The assessment, analysis and periodical testing of the water samples for quality have been done. There are many modes and ways to assess the water quality. The water quality of drinking, washing, irrigation and industrial use may vary as per the minimum requirements of biological or physical parameters but the waste water and its spatial effect up to 5 kilometers have to be checked and assessed for direct use. Water Quality Index is a useful representation of overall quality of water for public or for any required use as well as in the pollution demolition programmes and in water quality management. This research paper presents with the study of physio-chemical and biologically important parameters such as pH, BOD, Colour, COD and Turbidity in water samples collected from Khan Sarovar Treatment plant after disposal. The study is intended to calculate Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Canal in order to ascertain the quality of water for public consumption, recreation and other purposes.

Keywords : Water Quality Index, ground water, pH, BOD, Artificial Recharge

Recent

[1] Bhaven N. Tandel, Dr. JEM Macwan, and Chirag K. Soni, “Assessment of Water Quality Index of Small Lake in South Gujarat Region, India”. [2] Jeremy Parr, Michael Smith and Rod Shaw, “Waste water treatment option” [3] K.Yogendara, E. T. Puttaiah (2008).,“Determination of water quality index and suitability of an urban water body in shimoga town , Karnataka”, Proceedings of TAAL 2007: The 12th World Lake Conference. [4] J.S. Kamyotra and R.M. Bhardwaj, “Municipal Wastewater Management in India”. [5] Mangukiya Rupal1, Bhattacharya Tanushree2 and Chakraborty Sukalyan (2012), “Quality Characterization of Surface water using Water Quality Index in Surat city, Gujarat, India”. International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences (ISSN 2319-1414). [6] Abass J. Kadhem, Athmar Abdul Majeed, “Evaluation of Treated Municipal Wastewater Quality for Irrigation”. [7] Neeraj D.Sharma, Dr. J.N.Patel (2010), “Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Index of the Urban Segments of Surat City, India”, International Journal of Geology, Issue 1, Vol 4. [8] Yogesh Patel, Dr. G. P. Vadodaria (2013), “Hydro-Chemical Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation of Mehsana District, Gujarat State, India”, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064. [9] Dhiman S. D.,“Groundwater Quality Assessment of Amreli District, Gujarat India”. [10] Mayur C. Shah, Prateek G. Shilpkar, and Pradip B. Acharya (2008), “Ground Water Quality of Gandhinagar Taluka, Gujarat. [11] Mahesh Kumar.Akkaraboyina, Prof B.S.N.Raju (2012), “A Comparative Study of Water Quality Indices of River Godavari”.

Solar Concentrator & Solar Tracking Combine system is main option to decrease price of solar energy generation. This Paper contains Tracking system & solar concentrating in PV/Thermal applications. By combining Solar Panel with Tracking System & solar concentrator, we can get better efficiency compared to Conventional System. Using two light dependent resistor interface with microcontroller and compare both LDR value and rotate stepper motor either clockwise or anticlockwise according to sun position. Whenever sun is east direction that time solar panel are also in east direction and whenever at the end of the day sun are west direction that time panel are rotate and move on west direction. Using LDR sense the light intensity and according to that rotate automatically panel and get the extracting the maximum energy from solar using automatic mechanical single axis solar tracking system.

Keywords : LDR; Solar Concentrator; Solar Tracking; Solar Panel; Stepper Motor

Recent

[1] Chetan S. Solanki, Brij M. Arora, Juzer Vasi, Mahesh B. Patil, “Solar photo voltaics A lab training manual.”, Foundation Books , 2013. [2] Aveek Chatterjee, Eva Bernal, Satya Seshadri, Oliver Mayer, and Mikal Greaves,” Linear Fresnel Reflector based Solar Radiation Concentrator for Combined Heating and Power”, GE Research-Bangalore, India., GE Research-Munich, Munich, Germany. Chromasun, San Jose, CA, USA. [3] Muhammad-Sukki, R. Ramirez-Iniguez, S. G. McMeekin, B.G. Stewart & B. Clive,” Solar Concentrators”, International Journal of Applied Sciences (IJAS), Volume (1): Issue (1) [4] Vandana Khanna, Bijoy Kishore Das, Dinesh Bisht “Matlab/Simelectronics Models Based Study of Solar Cells”, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research Vandana Khanna et al., Vol.3, No.1, 2013. [5] Venkateswarlu and Dr.P.Sangameswar Raju “Simscape Model of Photovoltaic Cell” International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 5, May 2013. [6] www.pveducation.org [7] www.medgadget.com [8] www.engineersgarage.com

Managing solid waste is one of biggest challenges of the urban areas, ranging from mega-cities to towns and villages. Managing this solid waste is the most challenging problems for every city managers and authorities. The quality of waste management services is a good indicator of a city’s governance, if a city is dirty, the local administration may be considered ineffective or its residents may be accused of littering it. The authorities spend a substantial proportion of their available recurrent budget on managing this solid waste from all the units that is from collection transferring and then treating it as all this put lot of human resource as well as lot of cash flow into it. This particular paper aims to capture waste management trends and draws attention to the importance of waste management, especially regarding its role at an individual level that is at a unit level then at a cluster level then at a neighborhood level and lastly at a city level for leading Clean India. Waste should be handled from a unit that is its segregation and its composting should a mandatory clause for all the citizens. To fulfil this, it is determined the target an individual awareness with training campaigns, penalty etc. So this paper has selected examples of national and international case studies to showcase the good work that is being done on solid waste management by cities around the world, large and smaller, rich and poorer. Under the mission of our honorable prime minister of “Swaach Bharat Abhyan” which has been initiated to be completed by 2nd October 2017 each and every house hold unit should have a moral responsibility about house hold waste management. This mission can be fulfilled only by looking at changes and innovativeness in solid waste management, it would a better to find local solutions rather than global solution which has a famous proverb “think locally act globally”. Hence the problem sparked at a unit level can make a vast difference at a global situation. The paper also helps decision-makers, Practitioners and ordinary citizens to understand how a solid waste management system works and to inspire each and every people for treating waste as a resource than a layer of debris and debris and debris.

Keywords : Household, Initiated, Innovative, Substantial, Resource, Value

Recent

[1] Journal “A Down to Earth Manual” State of Indias environment 2015 ‘urbanisation’. [2] http://www.cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/pcp/MSW_Report.pdf [3] http://www.unep.org/ietc/Portals/136/SWM-Vol1-Part1-Chapters1to3.pdf [4] http://www.cyen.org/innovaeditor/assets/Solid%20waste%20management.pdf [5] 5.http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/file/municipal%20solid%20waste%20management.pdf

This is a must for engineers, professors and water utility messengers involved in the security of water supply system. Mehsana is the one of the largest city and district in north Gujarat region having population 1, 50, 000 in 2014. Looking to the fast urbanization, industrialization and infrastructure development of Mehsana city, proper water supply system is the need of current time. This paper provides professional guidance on designing, operating, maintaining and rehabilitating water supplies to ensure state- of the art of - and security. The required quantities of water supply, water demand, water pressure, pipe network junction are the key segment which is required to be analyzed for the same.

Keywords : Water demands, distribution network, pressure, etc

Recent

[1] https://www.google.co.in/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=water+distribution++system&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&gfe_rd=cr&ei=1JyGVLS6MoPFoAOgyILwDg&gws_rd=ssl [2] https://www.google.co.in/search?client=ubuntu&hs=GaG&channel=fs&tbm=isch&source=univ&sa=X&ei=2ZyGVIP-FYedugSjxoKYCw&ved=0CB0QsAQ&biw=1366&bih=680&q=water%20distribution%20system [3] http://watersensitivecities.org.au/resource-library/cities-as-water-supply-catchments-economic-valuation-literature-review/ [4] http://www.google.comehsana.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&ved=0CDMQFjAAOAo&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atpsnet.org%2FFiles%2Fworking_paper_series_49.pdf&ei=OZ-GVOXAG4uCuwT22oGgCA&usg=AFQjCNHWIwe5nooiD92jx5c7SvuRgrF9yA&bvm=bv.81449611,d.c2E [5] http://www.owp.csus.edu/courses/drinking-water/water-distribution-system-operation-and-maintenance.php

Discover new technique to increase the use of pedestrian transportation by focusing on modern evolution. It includes several things like people carrying things in the city and how it helps in making better city in transportation means. Method associates archaeology, observation, and statistics, and rest on systemic coding of photographical data. The environmental factors of public health and social equity present many challenges to a sustainable urbanism climate change, water shortage. Four principles of an environmental public health are conviviality, equity, sustainability and global responsibility which are used to derive imaginary concepts that can inform environmental public health thinking, which, among other things, provides a way of discovering the primary tools that link urban environments to public health and social equity. This surveys local sustainability initiatives through the lens of the “three pillars” of sustainability: economic development, environmental protection, and social equity. Analysis of a series of comparisons provides confirmation that several factors are interrelated with local government arrangement in sustainability initiatives, including population size, central city locations, diversity, political leanings of a community, and region. The global economy makes the achievement of sustainable urban development unreal. Investment in road production and maintenance is overcome by the recent rapid increase in the number and use of automobiles in the city. At the same time, official lack of concern continues in planning for alternative sustainable forms of transportation.

Keywords : Connectivity, Equity, Sustainability, Green Power, Employment

Recent

[1] The Madison Sustainability Plan: Fostering Environmental, Economic and Social Resilience https://www.cityofmadison.com/sustainability/documents/SustainPlan2011.pdf [2] Ecological Footprints of Canadian Municipalities and Regions, by Jeffrey Wilson, Mark Angelskin, 2005 [3] The ecological footprint of berlin (Germany) for the year 2000, by Jens Pacholsky [4] Census of India http://www.censusindia.com/ [5] Making our cities attractive and sustainable http://ec.europa.eu/environment/europeangreencapital/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Making-our-cities-attractive-and-sustainable.pdf [6] Sustainability guidelines https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/G3.1-Guidelines-Incl-Technical-Protocol.pdf [7] Solid waste management department https://www.suratmunicipal.gov.in/rtiact/Disc_DepartmentWise/SWM_RTI%20Disclosure.pdf

The paper examines the policy option for Gujarat its seeks to condition of the poor on a large scale and reduce the population in slums. Addressing the problem requires first a diagnosis of the market at the city level and a recognition that slums are a result of the working of the market—not a failure of the market. This study examines the different programmed adopted for the slum improvement and recently adopted government policy ‘The Regulations for Rehabilitation and Redevelopment of the Slums 2010, Gujarat’, prepared on lines of Mumbai’s SRS model, the study highlights the roles of the stakeholders – Developer, competent authorities, slum dwellers and the external agency / non-governmental organization (NGO).

Keywords : Gujarat policy, Slum, In-situ slum Redevelopment, Mumbai SRS Model

Recent

[1] Gujarat government policy on “The Regulation for Rehabilitation and Redevelopment of Slums 2010 [2] Patricia Annez, Alain Bertaud, Bimal Patel and V. K. Phatak “Working with the Market: A New Approach to Reducing Urban Slums in India [3] Om Praksh Mathur “Slum free city”,2009 [4] Book entitle” A Public private partnership proposal for in-situ development of slum in east Zone, Surat”, Prachi sonarkar