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This paper describes the simulation of a single phase induction motor by ac chopper, which uses asymmetrical PWM technique to reduce the harmonics present in the motor current. The flow of power to the motor is controlled by a switching action of the power switches, which thereby control the speed of the induction motor. In this paper ac chopper module uses the IGBT as a power switch because of having more advantages over other power switches(MOSFET,THYRISTOR ETC) The main objectives of our project are to maintain the speed constant at different load condition. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK with split phase induction motor.

Keywords : AC chopper, speed control, asymmetrical PWM

Recent

[1] Simulation & Implementation Of Three Phase Induction Motor On Single Phase By Using PWM Techniques BAM University Ashwini Kadam1, A.N.Shaik Engineering, kadam572@gmail.com,9960158714 [2] G.Choe,M.park, An improved PWM Technique for A.C. Chopper. P.C.SEN, principles of electric machines & power electronics, wiley 1999 [3] M.M.R. Ahmed and M. Soliman, Speed Control of AC Series Motor Using AC Chopper Voltage Control ,IEEE Electrical Power & Energy Conference, 2010 IEEE [4] DO-HYUN JANG, improvement of input power factor in ac choppers using asymmetrical pwm technique, transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 42, no. 2, pp.179 185. APRIL 1995

Increasing demands of process automation for un-manned manufacturing attracted many researchers in the field of on-line monitoring of machining processes. In view of this, extensive research work is taking place world-wide in the area of on-line tool condition monitoring system. Tool wear is the most undesirable characteristic of machining processes as it adversely affects the tool life, which is of foremost importance in metal cutting owing to its direct impact on the surface quality of the machined surface, and its dimensional accuracy, and consequently, the economics of machining operations.Tool wear has negative effects on surface quality, dimensional precision of work piece, and may even cause a harmful effect on safe operation of total machining system. According to the research, about 20% machine downtime is caused by the tool wear.In addition, the cost of cutting tool and tool changing is about 3–12% of the total machining cost and method for on-machine tool progressive monitoring of tool flank wear by processing the turned component. Therefore, methods for cutting tool wearin an over view of the maximum use of cutting tools. With an effective monitoring system, the wear and damages to the machine tool, downtime, lead time and scrapped components can be avoided. This paper provides brief overview on tool condition monitoring.

Keywords : Tool Condition Monitoring; Signal and Acquisition Processing; Acoustic Emission; Vibration Signals, Turning

Recent

[1] I.P.S. Ahuja, J.S. Khamba, (2008) "Total productive maintenance: literature review and directions", International Journal of Quality& Reliability Management, Vol.25 Iss: 7, pp.709 - 756. [2] Tamer H. Haddad and Dr. Ayham A.M. Jaaron,“The Applicability of Total Productive Maintenance for Healthcare Facilities: an Implementation Methodology”,Vol. 1, Issue 1 (Apr. - Jun. 2015). [3] C. Liu, G.F. Wang∗Z.M. Li “Incremental learning for online tool condition monitoring usingEllipsoid ARTMAP network model”35 (2015) 186–198. [4] Samik Dutta, Surjya K. Pal, Ranjan Sen. “Progressive tool flank wear monitoring by applying discretewavelet transform on turned surface images”77 (2016) 388–401. [5] Ricardo R. Mouran, Márcio B. da Silva, Álisson R. Machado, Wisley F. Sales “The effect of application of cuttingfluid with solid lubricant insuspension during cutting of Ti-6Al-4V allo”332-333 (2015) 762–771. [6] Mehdi Nouria, Barry K. Fussell,n, Beth L. Zinit, Ernst Linder “Real-time tool wear monitoring in milling using a cutting conditionindependent method”89 (2015) 1–13. [7] Aliustaoglu C, Ertunc HM, Ocak H. Tool wear condition monitoring using a sensor fusion model based on fuzzy inference system. Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 2009; 23:539–546. [8] DimlaSr DE, Lister PM. On-line metal cutting tool condition monitoring. I: force and vibration analyses, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 2000; 40:739–768. [9] Li X. A brief review: acoustic emission method for tool wear monitoring during turning. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 2002; 42 (2):157–165. [10] H. Chelladurai. K. Jain&N. S. Vyas “Development of a cutting tool condition monitoring systemfor high speed turning operation by vibrationand strain analysis” (2008) 37:471–485. [11] Adam G. Rehorn • Jin Jiang • Peter E. Orban “State-of-the-art methods and results in tool condition monitoring” (2005) 26: 693–710. [12] Ahmet Cakan “Real-time monitoring of flank wear behavior of ceramicutting tool in turning hardened steels” (2011) 52:897–903. [13] FranciČuš - UrošŽuperl* “Real-Time Cutting Tool Condition Monitoring in Milling”57(2011)2, 142-150. [14] X. Q. Chen&H. Z. Li “Development of a tool wear observer model for online toolcondition monitoring and control in machiningnickel-based alloys”(2009) 45:786–800. [15] Satyanarayana Kosaraju& Venu Gopal Anne&Bangaru Babu Popuri “Online tool condition monitoring in turning titanium (grade 5) using acoustic emission: modeling” (2013) 67:1947–1954. [16] A. Siddhpura&R. Paurobally “A review of flank wear prediction methods for tool conditionmonitoring in a turning process” 2013) 65:371–393. [17] Xiaozhi Chen.Beizhi Li “Acoustic emission method for tool condition monitoringbased on wavelet analysis”33: (2007) 968–976. [18] Alan Hase&MasakiWada&ToshihikoKoga&Hiroshi Mishina “The relationship between acoustic emission signals and cuttingphenomena in turning process” (2014) 70:947–955. [19] Feng Ding&Zhengjia He “Cutting tool wear monitoring for reliability analysisusing proportional hazards model” (2011) 57:565–574. [20] NitinAmbhorea*, Dinesh Kambleb, SatishChinchanikar, Vishal Wayal “Tool condition monitoring system: A review”2 (2015) 3419 – 3428. [21] P Kulandaivelu, Senthil Kumar and S Sundaram, “Wear monitoring of single point cutting tool using acousticemission techniques”Vol. 38, Part 2, April 2013, pp. 211–234.

This work presents an alternative power conversion topology that can buck or boost the input voltage or current with linear and non-linear load depending upon duty ratio and modulation index in single stage conversion with the help of Impedance source passive Network (L&C), which is usually known as Z-Source. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a low-cost, efficient, and reliable inverter for various load. The simulation and the performance of single-phase induction motor is studied with the control of single phase Z-source inverter. The unique features of Z-source network is it acts as filter which reduces the line harmonics and shoot-through duty cycle, extends the output ac voltage range of inverter, improves power factor and increases reliability.

Keywords : Z-source inverter (ZSI), Voltage source inverter(VSI),Current source inverter(CSI), pulse width modulation generator, Single phase induction motor, Modulation Index.

Recent

[1]Vrushali Suresh Neve, P.H. Zope, S.R. Suralkar, “Analysis And Simulation Of Z-Source Inverter Fed To Single Phase Induction Motor Drive” in Jan 2013. [2]Sattyendrasing A. Seragi,” Review on Z-Source Inverter”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887). [3]Suresh L., G.R.S. Naga Kumar, M.V. Sudarsan&K.Rajesh,”Simulation of Z-Source Inverter Using Maximum Boost Control PWM Technique”,IJSS,Vol.7 No.2 July-December 2013, pp.49-59. [4]Penchalababu. V, Chandrakala. B, Gopal Krishna, ”A Survey on Modified PWM Techniques for Z-Source Inverter”, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology,5 June 2012 Volume No.1. [5]J.B. Gupta “Theory and performance of electrical machines”, S.K. Kataria and Sons, publisher of engineering and computer books.

This paper proposes a programmed gesture recognition or dishtinguishment approach to Indian communication via gestures (ISL). Because the deaf and dumb people feelings, thoughts and ideas is to be presented via gestures utilization both control to speak to each letter set by using this system we are able deliver them right and easily . We recommend a approach which addresses local-global vagueness identification, inter-class variability upgrade to every hand gesture.

Keywords : SURF, SVM, HSI, RBF, and VRS etc.

Recent

[1] G.R.S.Murthy & R.S. Jadon,“A Review of vision based hand gestures recognition”, International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management, Vol-2,pp. 405-410, July-December 2009. [2] Y.Fang, K.Wang, J.Cheng & H.Lu, “A Real Time and gesture recognition method”, IEEE 2007. [3] Salleh, Jias, Mazalan, Ismail, Yussof, Ahmad, Anuar & Mohamad, “Sign Language to Voice Recognition:Hand Detection Techniques for Vision-Based Approach”, In Conference Current Developments in Technology-Asssisted Education, FORMATEX 2006. [4] Paul Viola & Michael Jones, “Robust Real-Time Object Detection”, Second International Workshop on Statistical and Computational Theories of Vision- Modelling, Learning, Computing and Sampling, Vancouver, Canada, July 13 2001. [5] Nils Petersen & Didier Stricker, “Fast Hand Detection Using Posture Invariant Constraints”, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg LNAI 5803, pp.106-113, 2009. [6] H.Zhou, D.Lin & T.S.Huang, “Static Hand Gesture Recognition based on Local Orientation Histogram Feature Distribution Model”, In IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops CVPRW’04 2004. [7] Chan Wah Ng, Surendra Ranganath, “Real-Time Gesture Recognition system and application”, Image And Vision Computing 20 (2002) 993-1007. [8] David G.Lowe, “Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints”, International Journal of Computer Vision 60(2), 91-110, 2004. [9] Q.Chen, N.Georganas & M.Petriu, “Real Time Vision based hand gesture recognition using haarlike features”, Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference – IMTC, Warsaw, Poland, May 1-3, 2007. [10] H.Francke, J.Ruiz-del-solar & R.Verschae, “Real-Time Hand Gesture Detection and Recognition Using Boosted classifiers and Active Learning”, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg LNCS 4872, pp.533-547, 2007. [11] T.Dinh, V.Dang & D.Duong, “Hand gesture classification using boosted cascade of classifiers”, IEEE 2006. [12] T.Burger, A.Caliper & S.Mancini, “Cued speech hand gestures recognition tool”, 9th Conference Speech and Computer St.Petersburg, Russia September 20-22, 2004. [13] A.Caliper, L.Bonnaud, S.Malassiotis, M.Strintzis, “Comparison of 2D and 3D analysis for automated cued speech gesture recognition”, 9th Conference Speech and Computer St.Petersburg, Russia September 20-22, 2004. [14] T.Starner & A.Pentland, “Real-Time American Sign Language Recognition from video Using Hidden Markov Models”, IEEE 1995. [15] G.Rigoll, A.Kosmala & S.Eickeler, “High Performance Real-time Gesture Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models”, Gerhard-Mercator- University, Duisburg-Germany. [16] R.Liang & M.Ouhyoung, “A Real Time Continuous Gesture Recognition System for sign language”, Shih-Chien University Taipei-Taiwan. [17] S.Mitra & T.Acharya, “Gesture Recognition: A survey”, IEEE Transcations on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, part c: Applications and Reviews, Vol.37, No.3 May 2007. [18] Tarek M.Mahmoud, “A New fast skin colour detection technique”, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 43 2008. [19] K.S. Ravichandran & B. Ananthi, “Color Skin Segmentation Using K-Means Cluster”, International Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics ISSN 1819-4966 Volume 4 Number 2, pp. 153–157 2009. [20] Chieh-Chih Wang & Ko-Chih Wang, “Hand Posture Recognition Using Adaboost with SIFT for Human Robot Interaction”, In Springer-Verlag Berlin-Recent Progress in Robotics, LNCIS 370, pp.317-329, 2008.

This paper investigates about the Bond-Slip behaviour of steel rebars in reinforced concrete for Plain and Ribbed reinforcing bars. Bond strength is influenced by the rib pattern of the bar and RILEM suggested some recommendations to increase the bond strength of the concrete. Two grades of concrete M25 and M30 were casted. A total of eight specimens were casted using 25mm bar. The bond stress-slip response was studied. Graphical comparisons were done between the Load vs Slip and Load vs Displacement for RILEM standards. Slip was measured using LVDT at both ends. Ribbed bars showed better bond strength compared to plain bars and bond strength obtained from both tests produced same results.

Keywords : Bond strength, Slip, Ribbed bars, RILEM, Reinforced concrete, Rib geometry, Flexure

Recent

[1] Appa Rao G., Faiz Sultana., and Pandurangan K., “Bond strength and bond stress slip response in reinforced concrete”, Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 5, Dec 2009-Jan 2010, pp. 347-353. [2] Ana Lúcia H. de C. El Debs (2007), “Theoretical and numerical approach of the bond behavior in beam tests using self-compacting and ordinary concrete”, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos – EESC”. [3] F. M. Ameida Filh (2006), “Pull-out behavior of deformed bars using high strength self-compacting concrete and high strength ordinary concrete”, IBRACON Structural Journal, Volume 2, Number 1 [4] John N. Karadelis, Yougui Lin,(2015) “Flexural Strengths And Fibre Efficiency Of Steel-Fibre-Reinforced, Roller-Compacted, Polymer Modified Concrete” Construction And Building Materials “93 (2015) 498–505. [5] K. Pandurangan, G. Appa Rao (2012) “Bond strength of epoxy coated bar splices confined with nominal lateral reinforcement”, Central European Journal of Engineering [6] Krishnamurthy Pandurangan( 2013), “ Effect of fusion bonded epoxy coating and rib geometry on the bond strength of reinforced concrete” The Indian Concrete Journal January edition Pg No: 33 to 43 [7] M. K. El Debs, A.L.H.C. EL Debs, (2013), “Numerical approach of the bond stress behavior of steel bars embedded in self-compacting concrete and in ordinary concrete using beam models”, IBRACON Structural Journal, Volume 6,number 3 Pg No 499 to 512 [8] Indian standard code of practice titled Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, IS 10262 : 1982. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [9] Indian standard code of practice titled “Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete”. IS: 383 – 1970. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi [10] Indian standard code of practice titled “Specification for 53 Grade Ordinary Portland Cement”. IS: 12269-1987, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi [11] RILEM-FIP-CEB. Bond test for reinforcing steel: 1-Beam test (7-II-28 D). 2-Pull-out test (7-II-128): Tentative recommendations. RILEM Journal Materials and Structures, Vol. 6, No. 32, April-March, 1973.

In this experiment the studies, the strength characteristics of M30 grade concrete using manufactured plastic coarse aggregate as a replacement of natural coarse aggregate is conducted along with the use of quarry dust as a partial replacement of conventional natural river sand. Mix design for plastic coarse aggregate concrete is done by calculating the specific gravity of the manufactured plastic aggregate, fly ash and quarry dust. Cubes, beams and cylinders were casted by fly ash is 20% in cement, partial replacement of quarry dust in sand and natural coarse aggregate by 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of manufactured plastic coarse aggregate. The experimental studies gives the final strength parameters such as compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength of the casted cubes, beams and cylinders were tested respectively.

Keywords : QUARRY DUST, FLY ASH, PLASTIC COARSE AGGREGATE

Recent

[1] G.Balamurugan, Behaviour of concrete on the use of quarry dust to replace sand – An experimental study, IRACST – Engineering science and technology : An international journal (ESTIJ), ISSN : 2250-3498 [2] Anju Ramesan,Shemy S. Babu ,Aswathy Lal , Performance of light weight concrete, Anju Ramesan et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 8, (Part - 5) August 2015, pp.105-110 [3] Mr Ankit J. Patel1, Mr. Harsh N. Patel2, Mr. Harsh R. Patel3, Mr. Hardik R. Patel4, review on use of waste material in concrete, International Journal For Technological Research In Engineering Volume 2, Issue 4, December-2014 ISSN (Online): 2347 – 4718 [4] Youcef Ghernouti, Bahia Rabehi, Brahim Safi and Rabah Chaid, Use of recycled plastic bag waste in the concrete, Journal of International Scientific Publications: Materials, Method and Technologies Volume 8, ISSN 1314-7269 [5] Nabajyothi, S., Jorge, B., Use of plastic waste as aggregate in cement mortar and concrete preparation: A review, Construction and Building Materials, Vol 34, pp. 385-401, 2012 [6] J. N. S. Suryanarayana Raju, M. Senthil Pandian, Mechanical Study on Concrete with Waste Plastic, International Journal of Research in Civil Engineering, Architecture & Design, Vol. 1, Issue 1, July-September, 2013, pp. 62-67

In present work, comparison of three different tube bundles for particular heat exchanger is proposed. Three types are smooth, micro finned and corrugated tubes. Heat exchanger will be designed with smooth tube bundle and simulated. Micro fin and corrugation over tube is applied separately for same heat exchanger in feasible size and simulated for performance. Besides, comparison is done with heat transfer rate and pressure drop.

Keywords : HX, tube, CFD, fin, corrugation

Recent

[1] Bhuiyan A.A. et. al (2012) ‘Numerical Study Of 3d Thermal And Hydraulic Characteristics Of Wavy Fin And Tube Heat Exchanger’, Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, DOI: 10.5098/hmt.v3.3.3006. [2] Digvijay S. et. al (2013) ‘Heat Transfer Analysis of a Cone Shaped Helical Coil Heat Exchanger’, International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3 Issue 1. [3] Date P. et. al (2013) ‘Heat Transfer Enhancement In Fin And Tube Heat Exchanger - A Review’, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Vol. 8, No. 3. [4] Jadhav A.D. et. al (2014) ‘CFD Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger to Study the Effect of Baffle Cut on the Pressure Drop’, International Journal of Research In Aeronautical And Mechanical Engineering Vol.2 Issue.7, pg 1-7. [5] Lemouedda A. et. al (2011) ‘Numerical investigations for the optimization of serratedfinned-tube heat exchangers’, Applied Thermal Engineering Vol 31, pg 8-9. [6] Murugesan M.P. et. al (2013) ‘To Study the Fouling of Corrugated Plate Type Heat Exchanger in the Dairy Industry’, Research Journal of Engineering Sciences Vol. 2(1), pg 5-10. [7] Nikhil J. et. al (2012) ‘ Heat Transfer Analysis of Corrugated Plate Heat Exchanger of Different Plate Geometry: A Review’, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Vol 2, Issue 10. [8] O¨ ZCEYHAN V. et. al (2005) ‘Heat transfer and thermal stress analysis in grooved tubes’, Sadhana Vol. 30, Part 4, pp. 537–553. [9] Parmar K.S. et. al (2014) ‘ Enhance the Heat Transfer Rate of Finned Tube Heat Exchanger: A Review’, International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume, 2 Issue: 3 441 – 446 . [10] Pandey S.D. et. al (2011) ‘Experimental investigation of heat transfer and friction factor in a corrugated plate heat exchanger’, international journal of energy and environment, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2011 pp.287-296. [11] Patel S. et. al (2014) ‘ Computational Modeling of STHE’, International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative Technology, Volume 3, Issue 2. [12] Pengcheng X. et. al (2008) ‘Experimental Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement and Friction Loss Induced by Inserted Rotor-assembled Strand (I) Water’, Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 16(6), pg 849—855. [13] Sheu T.W.H. et. al (1997) ‘A comparison study on fin surfaces in finned-tube heat exchangers’, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, Vol. 9 No. 1, pp. 92-106. [14] Shirgire N.D. et. al (2013) ‘ Review on Comparative Study between Helical Coil and Straight Tube Heat Exchanger’, Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Volume 8, Issue 2, PP 55-59. [15] Shrirao P.N. et. al (2013) ‘Convective Heat Transfer Analysis in a Circular Tube with Different Types of Internal Threads of Constant Pitch’, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology Volume-2, Issue-3. [16] Sudharsan M. et. al (2010) ‘Flow And Heat Transfer For Flow Past Elliptic Tubes In Fin-Tube Heat Exchangers’, the 37th National & 4th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power. [17] Thantharate V. et. al (2013) ‘ Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Heat Transfer Performance of Twisted Tube and Plain Tube Heat Exchangers’, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 7. [18] Wei L. et. al (2009) ‘ Flow mechanism and heat transfer enhancement in longitudinal-flow tube bundle of shell-and-tube heat exchanger’, Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, Springer.

In recent time, there has been high level of impression skilled in each personal and public sectors on usual ,The ghost employee syndrome that has become a threat to all or any tiers of employers,government issues over the degree of worker absence in their company and also the problem to manage student attending throughout lectures. Fingerprints area unit a variety of identity verification system that is exclusive and can not modification in one’s entire period. This paper presents the attending management system that uses fingerprint technology in an exceedingly university atmosphere. It consists of 1 or over one processes namely; enrollment and authentication. throughout enrollment, it captures the fingerprint of the user and its distinctive options area unit extracted and hold on in an exceedingly information together with the identity of the user as a example for the topic. Attendance management is managing attending . attending management has sometimes been approached mistreatment time clocks and timesheets, however attending system goes on the far side everything to supply a operating atmosphere that maximizes and offers motivation to worker attending . Attendance management is one in every of the foremost a part of today’s human resource systems; it takes organization towards higher human resource systems, follow and excellence, therefore regular attending and promptness area unit expected from all staff and candidates in an exceedingly work setting. unacceptable attending is generally caused by unscheduled absences and timing cause a stoppage in work, affects productivity, and creates additional issues once workloads area unit shifted to different staff. Moreover, in several institutes, and tutorial organizations, attending is one in every of the foremost vital criteria that is employed for varied functions. These functions embody assessment of scholars,record keeping, and promotes best and provides consistency at school. In most of the developing countries, a minimum share of attending at school is needed in most establishments and this policy has not been used due to the various challenges come upon gift technique of taking attending presents. This ancient technique involves taking student attending in books or mistreatment sheets. This technique is employed for fraud or the attending sheet may be lost or purloined. Taking of attending is time overwhelming and it's tough to {examine|to visualize} the quantity of scholars that have the smallest amount share and so eligible for exam. Thus, it's abundant required for a system that might take away all of those bother spots.

Keywords : Attendance , FingerPrint , Biometric

Recent

[1] www.biomericsystem.in [2] http://home.iitk.ac.in/~deepakr/reports/BiometricFingerprint.pdf [3] https://sourceforge.net/p/bfpattendance/wiki/Home/

The present paper deals with the navigation of multiple wheeled robots working in a common dynamic environment in a decentralized manner. Two different motion planning approaches have been proposed to solve the said problem. In Approach 1, automatic design of a Mamdani-type Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) using a binary-coded Genetic Algorithm (GA) has been considered. On the other hand, a potential field- based motion planner has been developed in the next approach. Since, the robots are agents and all the time competition is not good, a strategic approach has been proposed to solve the conflicts related to coordination among agents. Performance of the developed approaches have been tested through computer simulations. Computational complexity of both the approaches are also compared to see the feasibility of their on-line implementations. It has been observed that proposed coordination strategy along with the developed motion planners are found to generate movement of the robots in a human-like manner.

Keywords : Mobile Robot Navigation; Multi-agent System; Coordination; Potential Field Method; Fuzzy Logic Control; Genetic Algorithm

Recent

[1] Alami, R., Chatila, R., Fleury, S. and Ingrand, F. (1998). An architecture for autonomy, International Journal of Robotics Research. 17(4), 315–337. [2] Asada, M., Kitano, H., Noda, I. and Veloso, M. (1999). Robocup: today and tomorrow– what we have and learned, Artificial Intelligence. 110, 193–214. [3] Bemporad, A., Luca, A. D. and Orilo, G. (1996). Local incremental planning for a car-like robot navigating among obstacles, Proc. of IEEE Conference on Robotics and Automation, Minneapolis, Minnesoia, pp. 1205–1211. [4] Bennewitz, M. and Burgard, W. (2000). A probabilistic method for planning collision-free trajectories of multiple mobile robots, Proc. of the Workshop Service Robotics Applications and Safety Issues in an Emerging Market at the 14th ECAI. [5] Berenji, H. R. (1992). Learning and tuning fuzzy logic controllers through reinforcements, IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks. 3, 724–740. [6] Borenstein, J. and Koren, Y. (1989). Real time obstacle avoidance for fast mobile robots, IEEE Trans. On Systems Man and Cybernetics. 19(5), 1179–1187. [7] Buck, S., Weber, U., Beetz, M. and Schmitt, T. (2001). Multi robot path planning for dynamic environments: A case study, Proc. of the IEEE/RSJIROS Conference, Wailea, USA. [8] Casillas, J., Cordon, O. and Herrera, F. (2000). Learning fuzzy rules using ant colony optimization algorithms, Proceedings of 2-nd International Workshop on Ant Algorithms, Brussels, Belgium, pp. 13–21. [9] Denna, M., Mauri, G. and Zanaboni, A. M. (1999). Learning fuzzy rules with tabu search an application to control, IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems. 7(2), 295–318. [10] Fraichard, T. and Scheuer, A. (1996). Car-like robots and moving obstacles, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 64–69. [11] Ge, S. S. and Cui, Y. J. (2000). New potential functions for mobile robot path planning, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation. 16(5), 615–620. [12] Hui, N. B. (2007). Design and Development of Adaptive Robot Motion Planners for Wheeled Robots, PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur. [13] Hui, N. B., Mahendar, V. and Pratihar, D. K. (2006). Time-optimal, collision-free navigation of a car-like mobile robot using neuro-fuzzy approaches, Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 157(16), 2171–2204. [14] Jolly, K. G., Ravindran, K. P., Kumar, R. V. and Kumar, R. S. (2007). Intelligent decision making in multi agent robot soccer system through compounded artificial neural networks, Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 55, 589–596. [15] Jung, D. and Zelinsky, A. (1999). An architecture for distributed co-operative planning in a behavior based multi-robot system, Robotics and Autonomous System. 26, 149–174. [16] Kasinski, A. and Skrzypczynski, P. (2001). Perception network foe team of indoor mobile robots: concept, architecture, implementation, Artificial intelligence. 14, 125–137. [17] Khatib, O. (1986). Real-time obstacle avoidance for manipulators and mobile robots, The International Journal of Robotics Research. 5(1), 90–98. [18] Kim, J.-H., Kim, D.-H., Kim, Y.-J. and Seow, K.-T. (2004). Soccer robotics, Springer, Amsterdam. [19] Koren, Y. and Borenstein, J. (1991). Potential field methods and their inherent limitations for mobile robot navigation, IEEE Conf. Robotics and Automation, Sacramento, CA, p. 13981404. [20] Latombe, J. C. (1991). Robot motion planning, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA, USA. [21] Lefebvre, O., Lamiraux, F., Pradalier, C. and Fraichard, T. (2004). Obstacle avoidance for car-like robots integration and experimentation on two robots, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conference on Robotics and Automation, [22] Lucaterio, C. R., Bueno, A. D. A. and Lozano, R. (2001). A game theory approach to robot tracking problem, WSEAS Transactions on Computers. 3, 862–869. [23] Maa, Y., W. H. X. Y. G. M. (2014). Path planning for multiple mobile robots under the double - warehouse, Informations Sciences. 278, 357–379. [24] Mackworth, A. (1993). On seeing robots, computer vision systems, theory and applications. pp. 1–13. [25] Marapane, S. B., Trivedi, M. M., Lassiter, N. and Holder, M. B. (1996). Motion control of cooperative robotic teams through visual observation and fuzzy logic control, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1738–1743. [26] Nakamura, T. (2006). Development of self-learning vision-based mobile robots for acquiring soccer robot behaviors, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 1395/1998, 257–276. [27] Nelson, A. L., Grant, E. and Henderson, T. C. (2004). Evolution of neural controllers for competitive game playing with team of mobile robots, Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 46, 135–150. [28] Nomura, H., Hayashi, I. and Wakami, W. (1992). A learning method of fuzzy inference rules by descent method, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference Fuzzy Systems, San Diego, CA. [29] Ota, J. (2006). Multi-agent robot systems as distributed autonomous systems, Advanced Engineering Informatics. 20, 59–70. [30] Park, K. H., Kim, Y.-J. and Kim, J.-H. (2001). Modular q learning based multi-agent co-operation for robot soccer, Robotics and Autonomous systems. 35, 109–122. [31] Peng, J. and Akella, S. (2003). Coordinating the motion of multiple robots with kinodynamic constraints, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conference on Robotics and Automation, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 4066–4073. [32] Pham, T. D. and Valliappan, S. (1994). A least squares model for fuzzy rules of inference, Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 64, 207–212. [33] Pradahan, S. K., Parhi, D. R. and Panda, A. K. (2009). Fuzzy logic techniques for navigation of several mobile robots, Applied Soft Computing. pp. 290–304. [34] Pratihar, D. K. (2000). Path and Gait generation of legged robots using GA-Fuzzy Approach, PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. [35] Pratihar, D. K., Deb, K. and Ghosh, A. (1999). A genetic-fuzzy approach for mobile robot navigation among moving obstacles, International Journal of Approximate Reasoning. 20, 145–172. [36] Qu, H., Xing, K. and Alexander, T. (2013). An improved genetic algorithm with co-evolutionary strategy for global path planning of multiple mobile robots, Neurocomputing. 120, 509–517. [37] Rocha, R., Dias, J. and carvalho, A. (2005). Co-operative multi-robot system: A study vision based system 3d mapping using information theory, Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 53, 282–311. [38] Ros, R., Arcos, J. L., de Mantras, R. L. and Velsco, M. (2009). A case based approach for co-ordinated action selection in robot soccer, Artificial intelligence. 173, 1014–1039. [39] Sevstka, P. and Overmars, M. H. (1995). Coordinated motion planning for multiple car-like robots using probabilistic road maps, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1631–1636. [40] Skrzypezyk, K. (2004). Multi-robot co-ordination based on co-operative game, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing - ICAISC 2004. 3070, 798–803. [41] Springer, G., Hannah, P., Stonier, R., Smith, S. and Wolfs, P. (1997). Simple strategies for collision avoidance in robot soccer, Robotics and Autonomous System. 21, 191–196. [42] Takagi, T. and Sugeno, M. (1983). Derivation of fuzzy control rules from human operator’s control action, Proceedings of IFAC Symposium On Fuzzy Information, Knowledge Representation and Decision Analysis, [43] Marseilles, France, pp. 55–60. [44] Uchibe, E., Asada, M. and Hosoda, K. (1998). Cooperative behavior acquisition in multi mobile robots by reinforcement learning based on state vector estimation, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conference on Robotics and Automation, Leuven, Belgium, pp. 1558–1563. [45] Vail, D. and Veloso, M. (2003). Multi-robot dynamic role assignment and coordination through shared potential fields, Multi-Robot Systems. pp. 87–98. [46] Wang, F. Y. and Pu, B. (1993). Planning time-optimal trajectory for coordinated robot arms, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 1, pp. 245–250. [47] Wang, J. and Xin, M. (2012). Distributed optimal cooperative tracking control of multiple autonomous robots, Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 60(4), 572–583. [48] Wang, L. X. and Mendel, J. M. (1992). Generating fuzzy rules by learning from examples, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. 22(6), 1414–1422. [49] Wang, L. and Yen, J. (1999). Extracting fuzzy rules for system modeling using a hybrid of genetic algorithms and kalman filtering, Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 101, 353–362. [50] Warren, C. (1990). Multiple robot path coordination using artificial potential fields, Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), pp. 500–505. [51] Wu, J., Snaˇsel, V., Ochodkova, E., Martinoviˇc, J., Svatoˇn, V. and Abraham, A. (2013). Analysis of strategy in robot soccer game, Neurocomputing. 109, 66–75. [52] Xi, N., Tarn, T. J. and Bejczy, A. K. (1993). Event-based planning and control for multi-robot coordination, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 1, pp. 251–258. [53] Yao, B. and Tomizuka, M. (1993). Adaptive coordinated control of multiple manipulators handling a constrained object, Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Vol. 1, pp. 624–629. [54] Yupu, Y., Xiaoming, X. and Wengyuan, Z. (1998). Real-time stable self-learning fnn controller using genetic algorithm, Fuzzy Sets and Systems. 100, 173–178.

In this cockroft – Walton Voltage Multiplier Project, the theory of this method is to build power supply that can generate High Voltage with a Low current. Designing the circuit based on the basic of cockroft Walton circuit that consists of ladder network of capacitor and diodes. The high voltage equipment is required to study the insulation behavior under all conditions, which the apparatus is likely to encounter. Some objectives are to study the fundamental of voltage multiplier such as type, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages before designed a cockroft-walton’s voltage multiplier with 4KV output. the methodology is to study the characteristics of voltage doubler and Tripler circuit compared with cockroft Walton’s voltage multiplier circuit before designing, simulate the designed circuit with simulation program as MULTISIM, PSCAD and other programs and construct the designing circuit to Prove the theoretical value. The result hopefully can be full filed the theory of the cockroft Walton voltage multiplier which is generate High Voltage with a Low current.

Keywords : VARIABLE FREQUENCY

Recent

[1] Google Search engine [2] “High voltage engineering”, 2nd.ed. New Delhi, M S Naidu and V Kamraju [3] “Power Electronic”, M D Singh And K B Khanchandani [4] “Recent Developments in Power Electronics”, by Muhhammad H. Rashid [5] Wikipedia

One of the main goals of the metal-mechanical industries is the reduction of the production costs through the productivity increase. In the attempt to reach this goals, many researchers have been used the hot machining method. This method consists, basically, in the heating of the work piece hundreds of degrees Celsius above room temperature with aid of an external source of heat. Thus, the reduction of the shear stress of the material of the piece is gotten and, hence, is possible to obtain a smaller wear of cutting tool in relation to the conventional machining. This paper presents a review of hot machining, where the different techniques are presented together their results. This review paper presents a survey on variation in process parameter i.e. temperature, cutting speed, feed etc. and their effect on surface roughness, hardness, material removal rate, tool wear, tool life.

Keywords : Hot machining, Surface roughness, Hardness, Material removal rate, Tool wear, Tool life, Machinability

Recent

[1] Venkatesh ganta, d chakradhar “multi objective optimization of hot machining of 15-5ph stainless steel using grey relational analysis” procedia materials science 5, 1810 – 1818, 2014. [2] K.a.patel, s.b.patel, k.a.patel “performance evaluation and parametric optimization of hot machining process on EN-8 material” international journal for technological research in engineering volume 1, issue 10, june-2014. [3] Nirav m. Kamdar, prof. Vipul k. Patel “experimental investigation of machining parameters of en 36 steel using tungsten carbide cutting tool during hot machining” international journal of engineering research and applications (ijera) issn: 2248-9622 vol. 2, issue 3, pp.1833-1838, may-jun 2012. [4] S. Ranganathan, t. Senthilvelan “multi-response optimization of machining parameters in hot turning using grey analysis” int j adv manuf technol ,56:455–462, 2011. [5] Maher baili, vincent wagner, gilles dessein, julien sallaberry, daniel lallement “an experimental investigation of hot machining with induction to improve ti-5553 machinability” applied mechanics and materials, vol. 62. Pp. 67-76. Issn 1660-9336, 2011. [6] S. Ranganathan, t. Senthilvelan “optimizing the process parameters on tool wear of wc insert when hot turning of aisi 316 stainless steel” arpn journal of engineering and applied sciences, vol.5,no.7, issn1819-6608, july 2010. [7] Dr k. P. Maity, mr parhi, Mr. somanath manna “experimental investigation and stastical evaluation of hot-machining operation using taguchi method” ijaea, volume 2, issue 4, pp 32-38, 2009. [8] M. Davami, m. Zadshakoyan “investigation of tool temperature and surface quality in hot machining of hard-to-cut materials” world academy of science, engineering and technology 22, 2008. [9] J. Goudhaman “Experimental Investigation of Hot Machining Prosses of High Manganese Steel Using SNMG-Carbide Inserts by Design of Experiments Using Taguchi Method” applied mechanics and materials, vol. 51. Pp. 47-54. Issn 1660-9336, 2008.

In today's world life the use of robot is going on increasing .Robot can able to carry work efficiently and effectively that man can do.In this paper one such application of robo can do is leaf diseases Detection.In this paper we review the need of simple plant leaves diseases detection system. that would facilitate advancements in agriculture through by using the Fire bird V Robo up to the range 30cm. This techniques will improves productivity of crops.This paper includes several steps viz. Image acquisition ,Image Pre-processing,Segmentation,Feature Extraction.

Keywords : Fire Bird V Robo, Plant Diseases, Image acquisition, Segmentation, Extraction

Recent

[1] Ketan Deshmukh and his members “Robotic Waiter” IJIRST, Volume 1 | Issue 11 | April 2015 ISSN (online): 2349- 6010. [2] Abdullah Shaikh and his members “Robotic arm movements wirelessly synchronized with human arm movements using real time image processing” in TIIEC-2013.56 in IEEE symposium. [3] Prof Sanjay B.Dhaygude,Mr.Nitin P. Kumbhar “Agricultural plant Leaf Diseases detection Image Processing “, paper by in IJAREEIE,VOl 2,Issue 1,Jan 2013. [4] Prof. Jayme Garica Anal Barbedo a review paper on “Digital Image Processing Techniques for detecting ,quantifying and classifying plant diseases.” in springer plus 2013.2:660. [5] Prof. S.Arivazhagan and his members “Detection of unhealthy region of plant leaves and classification of plant leaf diseases using texture features ”in CIGR Journal vol 15,No.1 211. [6] Prof. A.B.Patil proposed a method “ Plant Diseases detection Using Image Processing “in IEEE Computer society DOI 10.1109/ICCUBEA.2015.153. [7] Prof .S.P.Godse a paper on “ Detection and classification of plant leaf diseases” in IJERGS ,Vol-2,Issue-6,Nov 2014,ISSN 2091-2730.. [8] H. Al-Hiary, and his members “Fast and Accurate Detection and Classification of Plat Diseases. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 17– No.1, March 2011. [9]Aji Joy, Ajith P Somaraj, Amal Joe, Muhammad Shafi, Nidheesh T M Ball Tracking Robot Using Image Processing and Range Detection.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering”(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)Vol. 2, Issue 3, March 2014 [10] Jayamala K. Patil1 , Raj Kumar “ Advances In Image Processing For Detection Of Plant Diseases “ by, Journal of Advanced Bioinformatics Applications and Research ISSN 0976-2604 Vol 2, Issue 2, June-2011, pp 135-141 http://www.bipublication.com [11] An Overview of the Research on Plant Leaves Disease detection using Image Processing Techniques Ms. Kiran R. Gavhale, Prof. Ujwalla Gawande, IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) e-ISSN: 2278-0661, p- ISSN: 2278-8727Volume 16, Issue 1, Ver. V (Jan. 2014), PP 10-16. Website References: [1] http://www.nex-robotics.com/products/fire-bird-v-robots/fire-bird-v-atmega2560-robotic-research-platform.html [2]https://github.com/akshar100/eyantra-firebird- resources/tree/master/Fire%20Bird%20V% 20ATMEGA2560%20Robots%202010-12-29/Manuals%20and%20Application%20notes/Manuals

Medical imaging is placing a major role in diagnosing the diseases and in image guided surgery. There are various imaging modalities for different applications giving the anatomical and physiological conditions of the patient. Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) are used to analyze the human organs with out surgery. Detection of the tumor is the main objective of the system. Detection plays a critical role in biomedical imaging .Brain image segmentation is one of the most important tools and hence need by the clinicians. How ever an accurate segmentation is a significant task and crucial for exact diagnosis. In this paper, MRI brain image is used to tumor detection process. This system includes test the brain image process, image filtering, skull stripping, segmentation by using OTSU and watershed , morphological operation, calculation of the tumor area and determination of the tumor location.

Keywords : Magnetic resonance image, skull stripping, segmentation, morphological operation, detection .

Recent

[1]. ‘‘ SweZin Oo1 , AungSoe Khaing2’’ brain tumor detection and segmentation using watershed segmentation and morphological operation. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308. [2]. ‘‘ Rohit S. Kabade’’ Segmentation of Brain Tumour and Its Area Calculation in Brain MR Images using K-Mean Clustering and Fuzzy CMean Algorithm. International Journal of Computer Science & Engineering Technology (IJCSET). [3].‘‘ Mansa S Mane & Nikita J Kulkarni & Santosh N Randive’’ Review on Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation Techniques. International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 95– No.5, June 2014. [4].‘‘ R. Rajeswari 1 , G. Gunasekaran 2’’ Tumor Detection and Segmentation Using Watershed and Hierarchical Clustering Algorithms. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol.2, Special Issue 5, October 2014. [5].‘‘ Geetika Gupta1 , Rupinder Kaur2 , Arun Bansal3 , Munish Bansal’’ Analysis and Comparison of Brain Tumor Detection and Extraction Techniques from MRI Images. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 11, November 2014. [6]. ‘‘ B.K.Saptalakar& Miss. Rajeshwari.H’’ segmentation based detection of brain tumor B.K Saptalakar, et al International Journal of Computer and Electronics Research [Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2013]. [7]. ‘‘ Ed-EdilyMohd. Azhari1 ,Muhd. MudzakkirMohd. Hatta1 ,ZawZaw Htike1&Shoon Lei Win2’’ Brain Tumor Detection And Localization In Magnetic Resonance Imaging. International Journal of Information Technology Convergence and Services (IJITCS) Vol.4, No.1, February 2014. [8].‘‘ Xiaopeng Wang, Shengyang Wan, Tao Lei’’ Brain Tumor Segmentation Based on Structuring Element Map Modification and Markercontrolled Watershed Transform. JOURNAL OF SOFTWARE, VOL. 9, NO. 11, NOVEMBER 2014. [9]. ‘‘ Rajeev Ratan1 , Sanjay Sharma2 and S. K. Sharma3’’ Multiparameter segmentation and quantization of brain tumor from MRI images. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. Vol.2 No 2 (Feb. 2009) ISSN: 0974- 6846. [10].‘‘ A.Sindhu1 , S.Meera2’’ A Survey on Detecting Brain Tumorinmri Images Using Image Processing Techniques. International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 1, January 2015. [11].‘‘ AtulAnirudhaPadghan, &NarendraKashiramMarwadi’’ Review of Watershed segmentation used for Brain Tumor Detection from Digital MR Images. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 Recent Trends in Mobile & Cloud Computing (NCRMC- 08th & 09th October 2015). [12].‘‘Roshan G. Selkar& M. N. Thakare’’ brain tumor detection and segmentation by using thresholding and watershed algorithm. ISSN 2348 – 9928 IJAICT Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2014 Doi:01.0401/ijaict.2014.03.08 Published Online 05 (08) 2014. [13].‘‘ Roopali R. Laddha1 , Dr. Siddharth A. Ladhake2’’ Brain Tumor Detection Using Morphological And Watershed Operators. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM).Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2014 ISSN 2319 – 4847. [14].‘‘ K. Padmavathi1 , Ms.C.Megala2’’ Detection of Brain Tumour with Filtering Techniques. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 4, Issue 7, July 2015. [15].‘‘ RoopaliR.Laddha, S.A.Ladhake’’ A Review on Brain Tumor Detection Using Segmentation And Threshold Operations. (IJCSIT) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Vol. 5 (1) , 2014, 607-611. [16].‘‘ Monika Jain1 , Shivanky Jaiswal2 , Sandeep Maurya3 , Mayank Yadav4’’ A Novel Approach for the Detection & Analysis of Brain Tumor. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (Website: www.ijetae.com ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2015). [17].‘‘ AnamMustaqeem& Ali Javed&Tehseen Fatima’’ An Efficient Brain Tumor Detection Algorithm Using Watershed &Thresholding Based Segmentation. I.J. Image, Graphics and Signal Processing, 2012, 10, 34-39 Published Online September 2012 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.org/) DOI: 10.5815/ijigsp.2012.10.05. [18].‘‘ D.selvaraj&R.dhanasekaran’’mri brain image segmentation techniques - A REVIEW. D.Selvaraj et.al / Indian Journal of Computer Science and Engineering (IJCSE). [19].‘‘ R. G. Selkar 1 , Prof. M. N. Thakare2 , Prof. B. J. Chilke3’’ Review on Detection and segmentation of brain tumor using watershed and thresholding algorithm. IORD Journal of Science & Technology E-ISSN: 2348-0831 Volume 1, Issue II (JAN-FEB 2014) PP 11-14 . [20].‘‘ Shubhangi S. Veer (Handore)1 , Dr. P.M. Patil’’An efficient method for Segmentation and Detection of Brain Tumor in MRI images. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 09 | Dec-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072.

Signal Coordination of consecutive intersections were carried out by thumb rule by coupling the indices depend on ratio of traffic volume to distance as well as modelled flow. As eminent resolution data is easily available from intersections, it becomes desire to analyse the actual stream of vehicle flow better to characterise is signal coordination desirable ? As increase in vehicular population causes not only congestion, delay in travel time but also pollution at road. To handle the influence of these travel demand at urban area, signalised intersection present on arterial roads have minimum resistance to flow of traffic for minimising the travel time. If signalised intersections are coordinated then the time pollution will be optimum, air and noise pollution as well. This paper composed of analysis of the previously developed methodology and results of delay caused due to pre-timed two way signal coordination with least time pollution and environmental pollutions. Traffic efficiency is affected by placing the signalised intersections at close continuous manner. This paper concluded with most suitable methodology and simulation techniques for coordination to reduce the time pollution as well as improve the traffic efficiency

Keywords : Signal Co-ordination, Close continuous intersection, Simulation, Delay

Recent

[1] Pranay M. Shah et, al. (2013), “Critical Review and Analysis of Traditional Approach for Pre-Timed Traffic Signal Coordination and Proposed Novel Approach” (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 11, November – 2013 ISSN: 2278-0181. [2] G. Karthik et, al (2015 ), “Optimization of Signal timing at signalised intersections in Indian Scenario” Conference on Transportation Planning and implementation Methodology for Developing Countries IITB submission number-146. [3] Zong Tian et, al (2007), “System Partition Technique to Improve Signal Coordination and Traffic Progression” Journal of Transportation Engineering Vol.133, No.2, ASCE February 2007 [4] Zhaosheng Y et,al.(2005), “Traffic Signal setting based on VISSIM simulation software” Comput Commun 1 (23):8-11 [5] Xiaohui L (2007), “ A design method of two way green wave of each phase for entrance.”Comput Commun 25(5):8–12 (in Chinese) [6] Rouphail N et,al (2000) “Direct signal timing optimization :strategy development and results” 11th American conference on traffic and transportation engineering, Gramado, Brazil. [7] Dudo Guo et,al. Springer (2014), “ Research on the Coordination Control on Phase designing and Timing Setting of the Close-Continuous Intersections.”.EITRT 2013 Volume I, Springer-Verlag Berling Heidelberg 2014. [8] Kadiya, D.K.and Varia, H.R. (2010). “A Methodology of Two-way Coordination of [9] Traffic Signals of Urban Corridor.” CISTUP - International Conference, IISC – Bangalore, Karnataka State, India. (18-20 Oct, 2010) [10] Prof. H.K.Dave et,al. (2014) ,“Influence of Signal Coordination on Travel time and delay” IJEDR Volume 2, Issue 2, ISSN:2321-9939.2014

In this review paper, Built-in self-test has been studied. This Built-in Self-Test (BIST) technique not only helpful from economically but also it gives test logic for the test pattern. This paper concluded basic test problems and some reliable methods of solution discussed in this paper while studied level of BIST. The basic concept of BIST that it provide a path by which system could test itself.

Keywords : Built-in Self-Test, Random Access Memory, CUT circuit under test, TPG Test Pattern Generation, Response Analysis

Recent

[1] Nptel.ac.in/courses/106103016/30 [2] M. Abramovici, M. Breuer and A. Friedman, Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design, Piscataway, New Jersey: IEEE Press, 1994. [3] E. McCluskey, “Built-In Self-Test Techniques,” IEEE Design & Test of Computers, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 21-28, March 1985. [4] R. A. Frohwerk, “Signature Analysis: A New Digital Field Service Method,” Hewlett-Packard Journal, vol. 28, no. 9, pp. [5] Shaik Kari mullah G1, Abdul Rahim b C. Ushasree2.” Design and verification of online BIST for Different word sizes of memories.” [6] Mrs. S. Enamel M.E1, T.Saranya2” Transparent Test Scheme in Online BIST for Word-Oriented Memories” ISSN 2278 – 0882 [7] M.H. Husin, S.Y. Leong, M.F.M. Sabri, R. Nordiana “Built in self test for RAM Using VHDL” 2012 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science & Engineering Research (CHUSER 2012), December 3-4, 2012, [8] Andreas Steininger” Testing and Built-in Self-Test” Institute für Technische Informatics, Vienna University of Technology A-1040 Vienna / Austria, Treitlstrasse 3 [9] V. Sridhar 1 M. Rajendra Prasad” Built-in self-repair (BISR) technique widely Used to repair embedded random access memories (RAMs)” International Journal of Computer Science Engineering (IJCSE) [10] Version 2 IEEE IIT, Kharagpur” Built-In-Self-Test (BIST) for Embedded Systems” [11] U. Siva Nagaraju, Dr. A. Sahaya Anselin Nisha Diagnosis and Fault Tolerance for Embedded BIST RAM International Journal of Scientific Research, Vol. III, and Issue. IV Apr 2014 [12] Sony Rama, Kishore Kumar and P. Rajesh Kumar. Sony integrated circuits and systems, vol. 30, no. 11, November Comp. SCI. & Engg. Elixir ISSN: 2229 -712x 41 (2011) 5579 [13] Chih-Sheng Hou, Jin-Fu Li, Member, IEEE, and Tsu-Wei Tseng IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of [14] Sharvani Yedulapuram , Chakradhar Adupa International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology- volume2Issue1- 2011 ISSN:2231-2803 http://www.internationaljournalssrg.org Page 98 Online Testing of Word-oriented RAMs

Cross cloud computing is the piece of software that is portable and can run on multiple platforms without human intervention. Cross cloud service composition provides a concrete approach that is capable for large scale big data processing. We propose a privacy-aware cross-cloud service composition method, named Hire Some-II (History record-based Service optimization method) based on its previous basic version Hire Some-I. In our method, to enhance the credibility of a composition plan, the evaluation of a service is promoted by some of its Qos history records. Using Hiresome-II technique time consumption for searching of data can be reduced. Cloud computing is an internet based computing, which shares resources, software and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand, in this security is the major concern.

Keywords : Cloud, Cross Cloud, Hiresome-II, Indexed Based Searching, Service Composition.

Recent

[1] S. Tai, J. Nimis, A. Lenk, and M. Klems, ‘‘Cloud Service Engineering,’’ in Proc. 32ndACM/IEEE ICSE, May 2010, vol. 2, pp. 475-476. [2] V. Nallur and R. Bahsoon, ‘‘A Decentralized Self-Adaptation Mechanism for Service-Based Applications in the Cloud,’’ IEEE Trans. Software. Eng., vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 591-612, May 2013. [3] H.Y. Lin and W.G. Tzeng, ‘‘A Secure Erasure Code-Based Cloud Storage System with Secure Data Forwarding,’’ IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 995-1003, June 2012. [4] A. Gambi and G. Toffetti, ‘‘Modeling Cloud Performance with Kriging,’’ in Proc. 34th ICSE, June 2012, pp. 1439-1440. [5] R. Buyya, C.S. Yeo, S. Venugopal, J. Broberg, and I. Brandic, ‘‘Cloud Computing and Emerging IT Platforms: Vision, Hype, and Reality for Delivering Computing as the 5th Utility,’’ Future Gener. Computing System. vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 599-616, June 2009. [6] J. Cao, K. Hwang, K. Li, andA.Y. Zomaya, ‘‘Optimal Multiserver Configuration for Profit Maximization in Cloud Computing,’’ IEEE Trans. Parallel Distributed Syst., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1087-1096, June 2013. [7] M. Li, S. Yu, Y. Zheng, K. Ren,” Scalable and Secure Sharing of Personal Health records in Cloud Computing Using Attribute Based Encryption” June 2013.

Heat transfer augmentation without considerable pressure drop is one of the most important issues now a days. The different active and passive methods are used for the same. One of the passive technique is use of dimples. A depression forming recesses on a flat surface is considered as a dimple. Variation in dimple geometry results in various heat transfer and friction characteristics. Introducing the dimples on the surface not only increases the surface area available for heat transfer but also reduce the hydrodynamic resistance for the fluid flow over the surface, resulting in less pressure drop. The present work is based on experimental investigation of the forced convection heat transfer over the V-shaped dimpled surface. The experiments were performed on 150mm × 150mm × 15mm aluminium plate with V- shaped dimples with pitch 3.2D, where D = diameter of dimple. V-dimples with δ/D = 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 are investigated, where δ= dimple depth. The experimentation was carried over a rectangular duct with aspect ratio 3:2. Heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt Number, friction factor and overall thermal performance of dimpled surface are compared with those from flat surface under same conditions. It is found that dimpled surface show 30- 45% enhancement over a flat plate. The maximum enhancement is observed in δ=0.3D in inline pattern. The dimpled surface with δ=0.5D shows minimum enhancement. Maximum frictional losses are observed in δ=0.5D dimpled surface and minimum in δ=0.2D dimpled surface. The overall thermal efficiency goes on increasing with increasing Reynolds number for all cases. The enhancement was verified using CFD analysis using ANSYSIS-15 ICEM software using k-ε turbulence model.

Keywords : Forced convection heat transfer, Nusselt Number, heat transfer enhancement, V-shaped dimples

Recent

[1] P.M. Ligrani, M.M. Oliveira, “Comparison of heat transfer Augmentation Techniques”, AIAA Journal, Vol.41, No. 3, PP. 337 – 362, March 2003. [2] Sumanta Acharya, Fuguo Zhou, “Experimental and Computational Study of Heat/Mass Transfer and Flow Structure for Four Dimple Shapes in a Square Internal Passage”, Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 137 PP.061028-1-13, November 2012 [3] C. Neil Jordan, Lesley M. Wright, “Heat transfer Enhancement in a Rectangular (AR = 3:1) Channel with V – Shaped Dimples”, Journal of Turbomachinery, Vol. 135 PP.011028-1-10, January 2013. [4] Iftikarahamad H. Patel, Dr. Sachin L. Borse,” Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement over the Dimpled Surface”, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol.4, PP.3666-3672, August 2012. [5] GongnanXie, Jian Liu, P.M. Ligrani, Weihong Zhang, “Numerical Analysis of flow structure and heat transfer characteristics in square channels with different internal–protruded dimple geometrics”, International Journal of Heat and Mass transfer, , Vol. 67 pp. 81-97, Dec. 2013. [6] Michelle I. Valentino, Lucky V. Tran, Mark Ricklick, J. S. Kapat, “A Study of Heat Transfer Augmentation for Reproductive Heat Exchangers: Comparison between Three Dimple Geometries”, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, Vol.134, PP.072303-1-9, July 2012. [7] F.J.Cuncha, M.K.Chyu,”Trailing –Edge cooling for Gas Turbines”, Journal of Propulsion and Power, Vol.22, No.2, PP. 286-300, March 2006. [8] Yunus A. Cengel, Afshin J. Ghajar, ”Heat & Mass Transfer”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, 4th Edition, 2011. [9] P. K. Nag,” Heat & Mass Transfer”, Tata Mc Graw Hill Publication, 3rd Edition, 2011.