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With new technologies surfacing day-by-day, we can use them to make new products and even can modify the existing ones. In a practical implementation, it is possible to use electric motors to open and close a refrigerator door. This can be done by reversing the direction of motion of motor when required. Reversing the polarity of the starter winding will solve the purpose. There are many ways to operate a motor and control of motor from human voice is one of them. In this application, a microcontroller-based voice input electronic circuit is designed, which can be used to rotate the motor in the required direction and hence to open and close the refrigerator door. The motor is connected to the axis of the refrigerator door. The relays are connected to the electric circuits for straight and reversed polarity. The motor operates in a direction as commanded. Microswitch are used to send signal to the microcontroller, which further stops the power supply to the relay and ultimately stops the motor rotation.

Keywords : Voice Command Control, Microcontroller Circuit, Automated Control, Hands Free Operation, Reliable Modification

Recent

[1] Anurag Bhardwaj, Sanjeev Gupta, Vageesh Baigra, Deeshant Jasrotia, Mohit Sharma, “Foot Lever Operated Refrigerator Door Opener and Motor Operated Closure”, GRD Journals, Vol. 3, Issue 1, Feb.2018, Page 44-46. [2] Musaab Hassan, Hammam Mahjoub, Mohammed Obed, “Voice-Based Control of DC Servo Motor”, American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2012, Page 89-92. [3] Prabhu.S, Sakulh Ameed, Suresh Kumar, Arun.S, “Voice Enabled Speed Control of AC Motor”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2014. [4] Bruno Fuhge, “Apparatus for opening and/or closing a door”. 2015, March 17. US8981698 B2. https://www.google.co.in/patents/US8981698#forward-citations [5] J B Gupta, “Electronic Devices and Circuits”. 6th Edition. S K Kataria & Sons. [6] B L Theraja, A K Theraja, “A Textbook of Electrical Technology Volume 2”, 23rd Edition. S Chand Publications.

The demand for electricity has been rising at an exponential rate since Independence. Though the power generation has increased manifold over these years, but it has not been able to keep pace with the increasing demand. Keeping in mind the per capita income in the nation, the policymakers need to arrive at a sustainable energy model to integrate self-sufficiency with affordability. The Coal Linkage agreements between the power stations, the Indian Railways and the coal blocks which were established a long time back continue to exist till today. Even though the rail connectivity and the number of mines have improved over these years, no major changes have been made in the coal allocation model pan India. The study seeks to optimize coal transportation cost for 19 NTPC owned power plants using Linear Optimization techniques and seeks to evaluate the annual profitability of these power stations. The study does not suggest the adoption of this optimized model but aims to draw an insight of the dire need to reallocate the coal blocks to achieve higher levels of supply chain surplus which could be passed on to the customers as customer surplus.

Keywords : Transportation, NTPC, Linear Programming, Optimization, Coal Linkage, Power plants

Recent

[1] Ritu Mathur, Sharat Chand, Tetsuo Tezuka (2003, March). Optimal use of coal for power generation in India. Energy Policy. Volume 31, Issue 4. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421502000678 [2] Shi Qiang Liu, Erhan Kozan (2011, June). Optimising a coal rail network under capacity constraints. Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal. Volume 23, Issue 2. Available: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10696-010-9069-9 [3] Hamdy A. Taha, “Transportation models and its variants”, in Operations Research: An Introduction, 8th ed, New Jersey: Pearson, 2007, pp. 193-234 [4] Hamdy A. Taha, “Goal Programming”, in Operations Research: An Introduction, 8th ed, New Jersey: Pearson, 2007, pp. 333-348 [5] www.grdjournals.com [6] www.globalresearch.com [7] www.fois.indianrail.gov.in/foisweb/view/qry/TQ_FrgtCalcIN.jsp [8] www.ntpc.co.in [9] www.coalindia.in [10] www.coal.nic.in/sites/upload_files/coal/.../coalupload/Provisional1213_0.pdf [11] www.coalcontroller.gov.in/writereaddata/files/download/provisionalcoalstat/ProvisionalCoalStat2016-17.pdf [12] www.wikipedia.org [13] www.mahanadicoal.in [14] www.easterncoal.gov.in

The basic requirement of any Integrated Circuit is high speed and low power processing of the data signals to perform the desired execution. The minimization of feature size plays an important role in increasing the performance of integrated circuits. However, the minimization of ICs has affect on leakage current when compared to the total current requirement of the circuit. So in this work presents the design of single bit magnitude comparator & 3 input EXOR gate using conventional CMOS logic style as well as DCVSL style. Then, the comparison has been carried out for both the designs with some parameters. These parameters are power dissipation, delay and how much transistors have been used in the respective designs, and then concluded that which design yields best results accordingly. In CMOS circuits, as the technology scales down to nano scale, the sub-threshold leakage current increases with the decrease in the threshold voltage. So we need a technique to tackle the power dissipation problem in CMOS circuits do the analysis keeping parameters such as power consumption, delay, voltage & transistor count. First, there is the analysis between power consumption & delay, keeping the voltage constant at 5V. We here can see that circuit of the DCSVL structures produces better results in terms of power consumption by lowering its value. The circuit designed using DCVS Logic style is an attempt to further reduce the power dissipation with minimum delay.

Keywords : CMOS, DCVSL, Magnitude Comparator, EXOR Gate, VLSI, Tanner EDA

Recent

[1] C. Piguet, Low-Power CMOS Circuits, CRC Press, 2006. [2] L. Bisdounis,D. Gouvetas, andO. Koufopavlou, “A comparative study of CMOS circuit design styles for low-power high-speed VLSI circuits,” International Journal of Electronics, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 599–613, 1998. [3] R. Faghih Mirzaee, T. Nikoubin, K. Navi, and O. Hashemipour, “Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) Strategies by CNTFET Technology for Standard Ternary Logic,” Microelectronics Journal, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 1238–1250, 2013. [4] Priyanka and A. K. Singh, “A low voltage high speed DCVSL based ring oscillator,” in Proceedings of the Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON ’15), pp. 1–5, New Delhi, India, December 2015. [5] D. W. Kang and Y.-B. Kim, “Design of enhanced differential cascode voltage switch logic (EDCVSL) circuits for high fan-in gate,” in Proceedings of the 15th Annual IEEE International ASIC/SOC Conference (ASIC/SOC ’02), pp. 309–313, September 2002. [6] N. Hanchate and N. Ranganathan, “LECTOR: a technique for leakage reduction in CMOS circuits,” IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 196-205, 2004. [7] P. Lakshmikanthan and A. Nu˜nez, “A novel methodology to reduce leakage power in differential cascode voltage switch logic circuits,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp. 1–4, Veracruz, Mexico, September 2006. [8] W. Chen, W. Hwang, P. Kudva, G. D. Gristede, S. Kosonocky, and R. V. Joshi, “Mixed multi-threshold differential cascode voltage switch (MT-DCVS) circuit styles and strategies for low power VLSI design,” in Proceedings of the International Symposium on Low Electronics and Design (ISLPED ’01), pp. 263–266, August 2001. [9] John P. Uyemura, (2002) Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, John Wiley & Sons. [10] H.T. Bui, Y. Wang and Y. Jiang, ―Design and analysis of low-power 10-transister full adders using XOR-XNOR gates, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Analog Digit. Signal Process, Vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 25- 30, Jan. 2002. [11] K. Navi, O. Kaehi, M. Rouholamini, A. Sahafi, S.Mehrabi, N. Dadkhahi, ―Low power and High performance 1-bit CMOS fill adder for nanometer design, IEEE computer Society Annual Symposium VLSI (ISVLSI), Montpellier fr, 2008, pp. [12] Subodh Wairya, Rajendra Kumar Nagaria and Sudarshan Tiwari, (2011) ―New Design Methodologies for High-Speed Low-Voltage 1 Bit CMOS Full Adder Circuits,‖ Journal of Computer Technology and Application, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 190-198. [13] Sumeer Goel, Mohammed A. Elgamel, Magdy A. Bayoumi, Yasser Hanafy, (2006) Design Methodologies for High-Performance Noise-Tolerant XOR-XNOR Circuits, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems- I, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 867-878. [14] Design of Energy efficient Full adder using hybrid CMOS logic style Mohammad Shamim Imtiaz, Md Abdul Aziz Suzon, Mahmudur Rahman, International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Jan 2012. [15] Subodh Wairya , Garima Singh, Vishant, R. K. Nagaria and S. Tiwari (2011), ―Design Analysis of XOR (4T) based Low Voltage CMOS Full Adder Cell, In Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Current Trends In Technology (NUiCONE‘11), Ahmedabad, India pp. 1-7. [16] Subodh Wairya, Rajendra Kumar Nagaria and Sudarshan Tiwari Comparative Performance Analysis of XOR/XNOR Function Based High-Speed CMOS Full Adder Circuits For Low Voltage VLSI Design, International Journal of VLSI design & Communication Systems (VLSICS) Vol.3, No.2, April 2012. [17] Avireni Srinivasulu and Madugula Rajesh, “ULPD and CPTL Pull-Up Stages for Differential Cascode Voltage Switch Logic”, Hindwai Publishing Corporation, Journal of Engineering, Volume 2013, Article ID 595296, pp.1-5. [18] L. G. Heller and W. R. Griffin, “Cascode voltage switch logic: A differential CMOS logic family,” in ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, 1984, pp. 16-17. [19] R. K. Montoye, “Testing scheme for differential cascode voltage switch circuits,” IBM Tech. Disc. Bull., vol. 27, pp. 6148-6152, 1985.

Crowdsourcing is a good and efficient source model to obtain goods and services for individuals or organisation. This is very much advantageous over other methods as it helps to learn beyond the base of minds of the people. This model is widely used in various research fields like astronomy, ornithology, seismology, medicine etc., in the present medical world, crowd of patients with variety of illnesses are suffering to get data, past history, consultation, treatment, suggestions etc., and make research difficult in this area. To make this task easier and various methods are used in crowd sourcing technology and this paper deals with the application, methodologies adopted, advantages and disadvantages of the crowd sourcing method in the field of medical research.

Keywords : Crowd Sourcing, Citizen Science, PatientsLikeMe, 23andMe, Genomera, DIY Genomics, Quantified Self

Recent

[1] National Audubon Society. 2011. Jan, [2011-11-07]. Christmas Bird Count [2] Markoff J. New York Times. 2011. Jan 10, [2012-01-01]. RNA Game Lets Players Help Find a Biological Prize SciStarter. [2011-12-27]. [3] Hughes B, Joshi I, Wareham J. Health 2.0 and Medicine 2.0: tensions and controversies in the field. J Med Internet Res. 2008;10(3):e23. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1056. [4] Sarasohn-Kahn J. California HealthCare Foundation. 2008. Apr, [2011-12-22]. The Wisdom of Patients: Health Care Meets Online Social Media [5] Frydman G. e-patients.net. 2010. Apr 02, [2011-12-30]. Patient-Centric Definition of Participatory Medicine [6] Fox S. Pew Research Center's Internet and American Life Project. 2011. May 12, [2011-11-07]. The social life of health information 2011 [7] Shirky C. Here comes everybody: the power of organizing without organizations. New York, NY: Penguin Press; 2008. [8] Burke A. Forbes. 2011. Oct 26, [2011-12-22]. Crowdsourcing Scientific Progress: How Crowdflower's Hordes Help Harvard Researchers Study TB [9] Levina M. Googling your genes: personal genomics and the discourse of citizen bioscience in the network age. JCOM. 2010 Mar 09;9(1) [10] Irwin A. Constructing the scientific citizen: science and democracy in the biosciences. Public Understand Sci. 2001;10:1–18. doi: 10.1088/0963-6625/10/1/301. [11] Amy Ahren. PatientsLikeMe. [2011-12-30].http://www.patientslikeme.com/ [12] 23andMe. [2011-12-30].https://www.23andme.com/ [13] DIYgenomics. [2011-12-30].http://www.diygenomics.org/ [14] Quantified Self. [2011-12-30]. http://quantifiedself.com/ [15] RARE Project. 2011. Nov 07, [2011-12-19]. PatientsLikeMe and RARE Project Unite to Find and Connect One Million Rare Disease Patients. [16] Heywood J. TED Partner Series Talks. [2011-12-21]. Jamie Heywood: The big idea my brother inspired [17] Fornai F, Longone P, Cafaro L, Kastsiuchenka O, Ferrucci M, Manca ML, Lazzeri G, Spalloni A, Bellio N, Lenzi P, Modugno N, Siciliano G, Isidoro C, Murri L, Ruggieri S, Paparelli A. Lithium delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc Natl AcadSci USA. 2008 Feb 12;105(6):2052–7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0708022105. [18] Wicks P, Vaughan TE, Massagli MP, Heywood J. Accelerated clinical discovery using self-reported patient data collected online and a patient-matching algorithm. Nat Biotechnol. 2011 May;29(5):411–4. doi: 10.1038/nbt.1837.nbt.1837 [19] Frost JH, Massagli MP, Wicks P, Heywood J. How the Social Web Supports patient experimentation with a new therapy: The demand for patient-controlled and patient-centered informatics. AMIA AnnuSymp Proc; AMIA Annual Symposium; November 6, 2008; Washington, DC. 2008. [20] Bedlack RS, Wicks P, Heywood J, Kasarskis E. Modifiable barriers to enrollment in American ALS research studies. Amyotroph Lateral Scler. 2010 Dec;11(6):502–7. doi: 10.3109/17482968.2010.484494. [21] Frost J, Okun S, Vaughan T, Heywood J, Wicks P. Patient-reported outcomes as a source of evidence in off-label prescribing: analysis of data from PatientsLikeMe. J Med Internet Res. 2011;13(1):e6. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1643. [22] Mathew Emmanuel Pineda. Crowdsourcing in medical research: How public data is advancing medical science [23] Citizen Science Alliance. [2011-12-30]. [24] Swan M. Emerging patient-driven health care models: an examination of health social networks, consumer personalized medicine and quantified self-tracking. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009 Feb;6(2):492–525. doi: 10.3390/ijerph6020492.

As the population of cities around the world is increasing at a rapid pace, cities have started addressing this problem by the implementation of significant sensing and actuation infrastructure and building services on this infrastructure. Potential for conflicts across Smart City services increases with the increasing density of sensing and actuation and growing complexities of services. These conflicts can cause unsafe situations and disrupt the benefits that the services that were originally intended to provide. The proposed system detects and analyses the runtime conflict in smart city transportation services using real-time data feed. We will prepare an architecture, which will focus on conflict that arises on these services. 1. Train 2.Tube 3.Bus our architecture solution identifies the conflict and provides broad perspective to decision making aspect of services.

Keywords : Cloud Computing, Data Mining, Web Mining, Container Virtualization, Machine Learning

Recent

[1] Ma; S. Masud Preum; W. Tarneberg; M. Ahmed; M. Ruiters; J. Stankovic., “Detection of Runtime Conflicts among Services in Smart Cities” DOI: 10.1109/SMARTCOMP.2016.7501688, 2016. [2] L.Sanchez, L.Mu˜noz, J. A.Galache, P.Sotres, J. R.Santana, V.Gutierrez,R.Ramdhany, A. Gluhak, S. Krco, E. Theodoridis et al., “Smart Santander: Iot experimentation over a smart city testbed,” Computer Networks ,vol. 61, pp. 217–238, 2014. [3] Perera, A. Zaslavsky, P. Christen, and D. Georgakopoulos, “Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by internet of things, ”Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, vol. 25,no. 1, pp. 81–93,2014.. [4] S. Zygiaris, “Smart city reference model: Assisting planners to conceptualize the building of smart city innovation ecosystems,” Journal of the Knowledge Economy, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 217–231, 2013. [5] Bask, K. Spens, G. Stefansson, and K. Lumsden, “Performance issues of smart transportation management systems,” International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 55–70, 2008. [6] J. Chinrungrueng, U. Sunantachaikul, and S. Triamlumlerd, “Smart parking: An application of optical wireless sensor network,”in SAINT Workshops 2007. International Symposium on Applications and the Internet Workshops, 2007. IEEE, 2007, pp. 66–66.M. I. Ali, F. Gao , and A. Mileo, “City bench: A configurable benchmark to evaluate rsp engines.

Let G = (V,E) be a (p, q)-graph. A graph G is said to admit a triangular sum labeling, if its vertices can be labeled by non-negative integers so that the values on the edges, obtained as the sum of the labels of their end vertices, are the first q triangular numbers. In this paper, we obtain a necessary condition for an eulerian graph to admit a triangular sum labeling and show that some classes of graphs admit a triangular sum labeling. Also we show that some classes of graphs can be embedded as an induced subgraph of a triangular sum graph.

Keywords : Triangular Numbers, Triangular Sum Labeling/Graphs, Dutch Windmill, Locally Finite Tree

Recent

[1] David. M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, Brown Publishers, Second Edition (1990). [2] J.A.Gallian, A Dynamic Survey of Graph Labeling, the Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 17#DS 6 (2014). [3] F. Harary, Graph Theory, Addison Wesley, Reading MA (1969). [4] P.J. Slater, on k-graceful, countably infinite graphs, Research Report No. 47, (1982). [5] M.E.Bascunan et. al, On the Additive Bandwidth of Graphs, Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing, 18, pp.129-144,(1995). [6] B.D.Acharya and S.M.Hegde, Arithmetic Graphs, Journal of Graph Theory, Vol. 14(3), pp.275-299, (1990). [7] B.D.Acharya and S.M.Hegde, Strongly Indexable Graphs, Discrete Mathematics, 93, pp.123-129,(1991). [8] B.D.Acharya and S.M.Hegde, On Indexable Graphs, Journal of Combinatorics, Information and System Sciences, Vol. 17, Nos. 3-4, pp.316-331,(1992). [9] S.M.Hegde, On (k,d) Graceful Graphs, Journal of Combinatorics, Information and System Sciences, Vol. 25, Nos. 1-4, pp. 255-265,(2000). [10] D.B. West, Introduction to Graph Theory, Second Edition, Prentice Hall (2001).

Conventional wastewater treatment methods can be replaced by adopting MFC. The organized project conducted satisfactorily represents MFC as a convincing technology to treat dairy effluent along with generation of energy. The primary object of the existing paper “Treatment of Dairy Wastewater using MFC Employing Zinc Electrode” is to examine the efficiency of dual chambered MFC having continuous feed of substrate. The substrate employed is dairy effluent. The developed design parameters are established by checking out the responsibility of employing silver nanoparticles integrated salt bridges, Zinc electrodes and altering detention time. Zinc electrode having surface area of 123.4 sqcms is finding to be most stable performer. The detention time of six hours is found to be optimum for maximum output. For optimized experimental set up the maximum efficiencies obtained in removal of COD, BOD, EC, TDS and Oil and Grease were 77.58%, 75.02%, 65.95%, 57.96% and 67.32%. Maximum power and electrical energy generated were 21.483 μW and 0.0386694 Watt-sec respectively. From the results obtained the conclusion was MFC is efficient in replacing conventional method of treating dairy wastewater. It can treat efficiently along with energy generation.

Keywords : Microbial Fuel Cell, Dairy wastewater, Silver Nanoparticles integrated Salt Bridge, Zinc Electrode

Recent

[1] Khedkar. S. V, Hitesh Gajbhiye, (2016), “A Review on Microbial Fuel Cell for Electricity Generation”, ICGTETM, ISSN: 2231-5381. [2] Bruce E. Logan, (2010), “Scaling up microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical Systems”, Springer-Verlag, 85:1665–1671. [3] Ganesan Vijayan Siva, Rajaram Prashanti, Natarajan Mohan, (2015), “Bio-electricity production from organic waste using single chamber Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC)”, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, ISSN: 2277-9655. [4] John Greenman, Antonia Galvez, Lorenzino Giusti, Loannis Leropoulos (2009), “Electricity from landfill leachate using microbial fuel cells:Comparison with a biological aerated filter”, Elsevier, 112-119. [5] Geun-Cheol Gil, In-Seop Chang, Byung Hong Kim, Mia Kim, Jae-Kyung Jang, Hyung Soo Park, Hyung Joo Kim (2003), “Operational parameters affecting the performance of a mediator-less microbial fuel cell”, Elsevier, 327-334. [6] Geetha .S and Subha Ranjani .S, (2015), “Effective Role of Multiple Electrodes on Double Chambered Microbial Fuel Cell”, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064. [7] Shakunthala C and Dr.Surekha Manoj (2017), “Comparative studies on different Electrodes to improve performance of microbial fuel cells (MFC)”, IJAIEM, Volume 6, Issue 10, ISSN 2319 – 4847. [8] Muhammad Hadi Radi and Hassan Abdul-Zehra Al-Fetlawi, (2017), “Influence of Electrodes Characteristics on The Performance of a Microbial Fuel Cell”, Journal of Babylon University/Engineering Sciences/ No.(4)/ Vol.(25) [9] Pallavi C K, Sanjay S and Udayashankar T H (2017), “Feasibility Study on Treatability of Dairy Wastewater Employing Dual Compartment Microbial Fuel Cell”, IRJET, Volume: 04 Issue: 07, e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072. [10] Peter Aelterman, Stefano Freguia, Jurg Keller, Willy Verstraete, Korneel Rabaey (2008), “The anode potential regulates bacterial activity in microbial fuel cells”, Springer-Verlag, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2008) 78:409–418. [11] HemingWang and Zhiyong Jason Ren, (2013), “A comprehensive review of microbial electrochemical systems as a platform technology”, Elsevier, 1796-1807. [12] American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater; 20th Edition; American Public Health Association; Washington, 2006 [13] Manohar Kudke, Shinde. A.A, Supriya Saptarshi (2017), “Green Electricity Production from Living Plant and Microbial Fuel Cell”, ICRISEHM-17, ISBN: 978-93-86171-65-8. [14] Nurettin CEK, (2017), “Examination of Zinc Electrode Performance in Microbial Fuel Cells”, GU J Sci 30(4): 395-402. [15] Drisya C M and Manjunath N T, (2017), “Dairy Wastewater Treatment and Electricity Generation Using Microbial Fuel Cell”, IRJET, Vol:04, e-ISSN:2395-0056.

Here this document provides the data about the batteries of electric vehicles. It consists of numerous data about various energy storage methods in EVs and how it is different from energy storage of IC-engine vehicles. How electric vehicles will take over IC-Engine vehicles due to advancement in battery technology and the shrink in its prices. Various types of batteries are listed in the document with their specifications. Possible future battery technology which will have more or same energy density than current gasoline fuels and also with the significant reduction in battery weights; which will make EVs cheaper than current condition. Some examples are listed showing current battery capacities of various EVs models. Some battery parameters are shown in the document with introduction to BMS (Battery Management System). Then a brief introduction about the charging of these EV batteries and its types displaying variations in charging time in different types of EVs according to their charger type and manufacturers. How DC charging is more time saving method than AC and how smart charging will help to grid in case of peak or grid failure conditions.

Keywords : EV batteries, EV energy storage, EV Charging, AC Charging, DC Charging, Smart Charging, V2X, Batteries, Electric Vehicles

Recent

[1] "Mitsubishi i-MiEV lineup expands for 2012 with cheaper "M" and extended-range "G"". green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01. [2] "Vehicles - Department of Energy: Energy.gov". energy.gov. Retrieved 2014-05-03. [3] "Car Traction Batteries - the New Gold Rush 2010-2020: IDTechEx". idtechex.com. Retrieved 2014-02-01. [4] "Electric Vehicles in the United States: A New Model with Forecasts to 2030" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-15. The 2012 per-mile cost under this scenario will be 10¢ per mile. If the batteries are able to achieve 3,000 100-mile charge cycles and the vehicle is driven 15,000 miles per year, the 2012 per-mile cost is approximately 6.7¢ per mile. The likely lifetime of electric vehicle batteries is likely to fall somewhere within this range. 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Ohlson, ZEBRA battery integration in "Think City" pure battery electric vehicle, in EVS24. 2009: Stavanger, Norway] [12] [Adapted from Pistoia, G., Battery Operated Devices and Systems, 2009 Elsevier] [13] [Kiehne, H.A., Battery Technology Handbook. 2nd ed. 2003: Marcel Dekker Inc] [14] [Westbrook, M.H., The Electric Car: Development and future of battery, hybrid and fuel-cell cars. IEE Power Series no. 38. 2001] [15] [Guidi, G., T.M. Undeland, and Y. Hori, Effectiveness of Supercapacitors as Power-Assist in Pure EV Using a Sodium-Nickel Chloride Battery as Main Energy Storage, in EVS24. 2009: Stavanger, Norway] [16] [Troltzsch, U., et al., Characterizing Aging Effects of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Impedance Spectroscopy, Electrochimica Acta 51, 1667-1672, 2006] [17] [Linden, D. and T.B. Reddy, Handbook of Batteries. 3rd ed. 2001: McGraw Hill] [18] [Pop, V., et al., Battery Management Systems: Accurate State-of-Charge Indication for Battery-Powered Applications. 2008: Springer Science and Business Media] [19] Anderson, C.D. and Anderson, J. (2005) "New Charging Systems" Electric and Hybrid Cars: a History (North Carolina: McFarland & Co., Inc.) ISBN 0-7864-1872-9, p. 121. [20] "Toshiba's New Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery Recharges in Only One Minute" (Press release). Toshiba Corporation. 2005-03-29. Retrieved 2016-12-14. [21] "Neue Stromtankstelle: Elektroautos laden in 20 Minuten". golem.de (in German). 2011-09-15. [22] Die Ladezeit dauert je nach Station zwischen 30 Minuten (Gleichstrom-Ladestation) und etwa acht Stunden (Haushaltssteckdose), zeit.de [23] Die Akkus im Renault Zoe können in der schnellsten von vier Ladegeschwindigkeiten in 30 Minuten bis zu 80 Prozent aufgeladen werden, bild.de [24] Mit einem Schnellladegerät lässt sich der Akku des i3 in nur 30 Minuten zu 80 Prozent aufladen, golem.de [25] "Forscher: Aluminium-Speicher "hat alles, was man sich für eine Batterie erträumen kann"" [Researcher: Aluminum storage "has everything you can dream for a battery"]. ecomento.tv (in German). German. 2015-04-13. Retrieved 2017-02-11. [26] Lin, Meng-Chang; Gong, Ming; Lu, Bingan; Wu, Yingpeng; Wang, Di-Yan; Guan, Mingyun; Angell, Michael; Chen, Changxin; Yang, Jiang; Hwang, Bing-Joe; Dai, Hongjie (2015-04-06). "An ultrafast rechargeable aluminium-ion battery". Nature. US. 520: 324–328. doi:10.1038/nature14340. Retrieved 2017-02-11. [27] "Elektroauto mit 1088 PS entwickelt" (in German). 2014-10-24. Retrieved 2015-04-12. [28] "40(min) / 15(min 80%)". byd-auto.net. Archived from the original on 2016-02-06. [29] http://www.charinev.org/members/. [30] https://www.charinev.org [31] List of Chademo compatible EVs: https://www.chademo.com/products/evs/ List of Chademo charger [32] Manufacturers: https://www.chademo.com/products/chargers/ [33] List of Chademo V2X chargers: https://www.chademo.com/products/v2x-product/ [34] www.chademo.com. [35] Sortomme, Eric, and Mohamed El-Sharkawi. "Optimal charging strategies for unidirectional vehicle-to-grid." Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on 2.1 (2011): 131-138. [36] Yong, Jia Ying, et al. "A review on the state-of-the-art technologies of electric vehicle, its impacts and prospects." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 49 (2015): 365–385. [37] Woody, Todd (2007-06-12). "PG&E's Battery Power Plans Could Jump Start Electric Car Market". Green Wombat. Archived from the original on 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2007-08-19. [38] US 4317049, SCHWEPPE, FRED C., "Frequency adaptive, power-energy re-scheduler", published 1982-02-23 [39] "Toshiba's New Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Battery Recharges in Only One Minute" (Press release). Japan: Toshiba Corporation. 2005-03-29. Retrieved 2007-12-05. [40] Wassink, Jos (2016-07-18). "Hydrogen car as power backup". Delta TU Delft. Retrieved 2017-11-07.

The Bellandur Lake is the largest manmade lakes in Southeast Asia. Varities of pollutants have been reported to cause deterioration of water quality in Bellandur Lake. A study was carried out for An Approach to the Cause for the Foam Formation in Bellandur Lake Southwest Region, Bangalore. The water samples collected and measured at twelve locations during January-2018 to April-2018. The physic chemical parameters like pH, EC, Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Sulphate, Oil and Grease, Phenols, Hexa-valent Chromium, Boron, BOD, COD, Phosphates and Nitrates, heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, and microbial tests carried out during the study. The observed values of various parameters are compared with standards values recommended by BIS. The fall in water quality of Bellandur Lake is due to sewage and effluent discharge, washing cloths and utensils, religious ritual activities. Even though some parameters are within the range, parameters which help in foam production are found to be present. They have lower rate of settling. Hence, they react with chemicals present in lake water leading to formation of ignitable gases like H2S, nitrates etc. As they move on the surface of water, they mix with air and due to turbulence, foam is formed. Only 1 % of foam is formed due to foaming agent other than 99% of foam is due to air and water. Enrichment of foam due to organic and in organic components, heavy metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Foam catches fire due to high flammability compounds that are hydrocarbons and an organic polymer from industry. Continuous monitoring required in order protecting the lake from pollution.

Keywords : Bellandur Lake, Water Pollution, Foam Formation, Microbial Analysis, Surfactance

Recent

[1] Abida Begum, HariKrishnaSet, “Analysis of Heavy metals in Water, Sediments and Fish samples of Madivala Lakes of Bangalore, Karnataka”, International Journal of ChemTech Research, CODEN( USA): IJCRGG, ISSN:0974-4290, Volume 1,No.2,2009, PP 245-249. [2] Kiran Kumar M, Nagendrappa, “ICP-AES Estimation of a Few Heavy and Toxic Metal Ions Present in Water Samples Collected from the Three Lakes Situated in Bangalore City”, Nature Environment and Pollution Technology - An International Quarterly Scientific Journal, ISSN: 0972-6268, Volume 15, No. 2, 2016, PP 549-554. [3] Lokeshwari H and Chandrappa G T, “Impact of heavy metal contamination of Bellandur Lake on soil and cultivated vegetation”, Current Science, Vol. 91, No. 5, 2006, PP 622-627. [4] Pattusamy V, Nandini N,“Water Quality Studies of Bellandur Lake, Urban Bangalore, Karnataka, India”, International Journal of Advanced Research, ISSN: 2320-5407, Volume 1, Issue 4,2013, PP 77-82.

Control valves are generally used as flow control equipment in many industries. The parameter for the performance of control valve analysis is flow coefficient. There is an experimental method to calculate the flow coefficient value of the valve, but the setup for the experimental validation is not readily available as these valves work at high pressure. Due to the progress of the flow simulation and numerical technique (CFD), it becomes possible to observe the flows inside a valve and to estimate the performance of a valve. This paper reviews the researches of the authors in modeling and simulation of the different control valves. The results of this paper provides people with the access of understanding the flow pattern of the valve with different flow rate and also determines the methods which could be adopted to improve the performance of the valve.

Keywords : Valves, Flow Coefficient, Flow Simulation, CFD

Recent

[1] Romil Khowal, D.N. Jadhav, Tansen Chaudhari “Flow Coefficient Valve Calculation using CFD Analysis for Needle Valve” Special Issue on International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering (IJTARME) V-5 No.2 ISSN (Print): 2319-3182, For National Conference on Advances in Design and Thermal Engineering (NCADTE-2016) G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering & Management, Chass, Ahmedanagar, Maharashtra 17th to 18th February 2016 [2] Brian Nesbitt, Handbook of valves and actuators.Elsevier,17 [3] Louse Thoren, Anna Budziszewski, "CFD simulation of a safety relief valve for improvement of a one-dimensional valve model in RELAP5," Chalmers University of Technology, 2012 [4] T. J. Rane, A.D. Monde, R.V. Vajarinkar, P. C. Gawade V. J. Sonawane, "Design and Analysis of Globe Valve as Control Valve Using CFD Software," IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, pp. 63-71 [5] José M. Rodríguez, Javier Saumell, Thomas Pütz José R. Valdés."A methodology for the parametric modelling of the flow coefficients and flow rate in hydraulic valves,"Elsevier, vol. 88, pp. 598-611, December 2014 [6] Qian Pan, Wenli Zhang, GuangFeng, Xue Li, Hongjun Zhu, "CFD simulations of flow erosion and flow-induced deformation of needle valve: Effects of operation, structure and fluid parameters.," Elsevier, vol. 273, pp. 396-411, July 2014 [7] E.Lisowski, G.Filo “Analysis of proportional control valve flow coefficient with the usage of the CFD method” Instrumentation Volume, March 2017, Pages 269-278 [14] Taewoo Kim, Sulmin Yang, Sangmo Kang. Numerical study on the flow characteristics of a solenoid valve for industrial applications. Wseas Transactions on Fluid Mechanics; July 2010, Issue 3, Volume 5; p. 155-164. [8] Fluid Controls Pvt. Ltd., Pune Catalouge. [9] Qin Yang,Ziguo Zang,Mingyue Liu,Jing Hu “Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow inside the Valve” Procedia Engineering 23 ( 2011 ) 543 – 550.

Dynamic Voltage Restorer is a Power Conditioning equipment that can compensate voltage sag and swell of the source voltage with the integration of Ultracapacitor. The innovative Scheme of this paper is the integration of UCAP with DVR, therefore this configuration of DVR can independently compensate the load voltage without utilization of grid voltage to compensate voltage sag and swell as in the existing system. The UCAP charge or discharge during supplying real power to the DVR. So, it is required to maintain the voltage profile of UCAP, this is achieved by incorporating the Buck-Boost converter between the base of the Inverter and Input stage of UCAP. This DC/DC Bidirectional converter provides the constant dc link voltage for the Voltage Source Inverter(DVR) for satisfying operation. The main complex thing in this work is design and control of DC/DC Buck-Boost Converter and Voltage Source Inverter. The whole model is designed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The control strategies of Bidirectional Converter involve PI controller and DVR is controlled by PWM technique. The performance of DVR is validated with the results.

Keywords : Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), Ultra-capacitor (UCAP), DC-DC converter, sag/swell, PI controller

Recent

[1] M. H. J. Bollen, “Understanding Power Quality Problems,” Piscataway, NJ, USA: IEEE, 2000. [2] Norbert EDOMAH, 2009, “Effects of Voltage Sags, Swell and other disturbances on Electrical Equipment and their Economic Implications,” 20th International Conference on Electricity Distribution, Prague. [3] H Veeresh, A Kusagur , “Novel advanced switching technique ZCS/ZVS fed bidirectional DC-DC topology to EVs” IEEE transaction on Power and Embedded System.. 2016 [4] A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich, “Power Quality Enhancement Using Custom Power Devices,” London, U.K.: Kluwer, 2002. [5] C. Benachaiba, and B. Ferdi “Power quality improvement using DVR”, American Journal of Applied Sciences 6(3): 396-400, 2009. [5] H. Igarashi and H. Akagi, “System Configurations and operating performance of a dynamic voltage restorer,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 123-D no. 9, pp. 1021-1028, 2003. [6] V Huluguppa and Ashok Kusagur,” Comaprative analysis of DC/DC Converter with soft switching technologies” ICEECCOT,016 International conference on 9-10 Dec 2016. [7] A Kusagur, J Pujar - Proc. “Design of VAR compensator” International Conference on Trends in Intelligent …, 2007 [8] Pychadathil Jayaprakash, Bhim Singh, D. P. Kothari, Ambrish Chandra, and Kamal Al-Haddad, “Control of Reduced-Rating [9] Dynamic Voltage Restorer with a Battery Energy Storage System,” IEEE transactions on industry applications, vol. 50, no. 2, March/April 2014.

Water management plays a vital role in steel industry. The present work is carried out in cold rolling mill aiming to recovery maximum water. In CRM process the acid waste, alkaline waste and oil and grease wastewater generated. This wastewater is treated in effluent treatment plant and then it is desalinized to avoid the salt concentration in water circulation system by implementing ultra-filtration and RO system. It is found there is membrane fouling in RO3 system due to increase in hardness at the inlet it is reduced by adding lime and soda ash. Results shows that most salts are removed by UF and RO treatment and high quality of water is obtained. It is found that reusing the desalinated wastewater found more economical then discharging.

Keywords : Desalination, Reverse Osmosis, Ultra Filtration, Membrane Fouling, Lime Soda Ash.

Recent

[1] Clever M., Jordt F., Knauf R., Rabiger N., Rudebush M., Hilker-Scheibel R., (2000), “Process Water Production from River Water by Ultra Filtration and Reverse Osmosis”, Journal Of Desalination, volume (131), pp325-336. [2] Irena Petrinic, Jasmine Korenak, Damijan Povodnik, Claus Helix-Nielsen, (2015), “A Feasibility Study of Ultra filtration/Reverse Osmosis (UF/RO) - Based Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in the Metal Finishing Industry”, Journal of Cleaner Production, volume (101), pp 292-300. [3] Kaliappn,S. Satish, C. and Nirmal kumal, T., (2005), “Recovery and Reuse of Water from Effluents of Cooling Towers”, Indian Institute of Science, volume (85), pp 215-221. [4] Perez-Gonzalez A., Urtiaga A.M., Ibanez R., Ortiz I., (2012), “State of the Art and Review on the Treatment Technologies of Water Reverse Osmosis Concentrates”, Journal of Water Research, Volume (46), Pp 267-283. [5] Valentina Colla, Teresa Annunziata Branca, Felica Rosito, Carmelo Lucca, Beatriz Padilla Vivas, Vanesa Menendez Delmiro, (2016), “sustainable reverse osmosis application for wastewater treatment in the steel industry”, Journal of Cleaner Production, volume(130) pp 103-115. [6] Xue-Ni cheng, yan-wen Gong, (2018), “Treatment of Oil Wastewater from Cold Rolling Mill through Coagulation and Integrated Membrane Process”, Journal of Environmental Engineering Research, volume 23(2), pp 159-163.

This Paper Generally Design To Optimizing Power And Energy Harvesting From Renewable Systems Approximating Photovoltaic (PV) And Wind Power Coordination Has Been Brief In This Design According To Today Scenario Advancement In The Power Semiconductor Technology (E.G., Wide Band-Gap Devices) Have Pushed .The Conversion Effectiveness Of Power Electronics To Above 98%, Everywhere Though The Dependability Of Power Electronics Is Attractive Of High Concern. As A Result, This Paper Presents The Three Phase DC-AC Inverter Mainly Used In High Power Application Such As Induction Motor, Air-Conditioner And Ventilation Fans, In Industries In Solar Power Plants. The Three Phase Inverters Re Commonly Used To Supply Three-Phase Loads with the Separate Single-Phase Inverters. It Is A Voltage Controller. This Representation Largely Demonstrates A DC-AC Converter. The Simulation Results Have Been Carried Out By MATLAB/ Simulink.

Keywords : DC-AC Converter, VSI, LC Filters, Three Phase Bridge Converter, 3 Leg MOSFET

Recent

[1] Vikas Shrivastava ,chris salter “ Future Trend To Smart Grid Automation Architecture by IES 61850” International Conference on Electrical, Electronic Communication,Mechanical,Computing(EECCME)-2018 ,IEEE Madras Section, CFP18037, 978-1-5386-4303-7 ,Vellore District Tamilnadu India ,January 2018 [2] F. Blaabjerg, D. M. Ionel, Y. Yang, and H. Wang, “Renewable energy systems technology overview and perspectives,” in Renewable Energy Devices and Systems with Simulations in MATLAB and ANSYS, F. Blaabjerg and D. M. Ionel, Eds. CRC Press LLC, 2017 [3] Vikas Shrivastava ,Seema Deshmukh “ Analysis and Study Between Two Soft Swiching Techniques Used in Boost Converter Implementation” International Conference on Electrical,Electronics,Communication,Mechanical,Computing(EECCME)-2018 ,IEEE Madras Section, CFP18037, 978-1-5386-4303-7 ,01-2018-1111,Vellore District Tamilnadu India ,January 2018 [4] Danish Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate, “From coal, oil and gas to green energy,” Press Release, Feb. 2011. Last retrieved on Nov. 27, 2016. [5] F. Blaabjerg and K. Ma, “Future on power electronics for wind turbine systems,” IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron. vol. 1, no. 3, pp.139–152, Sept. 2013. [6] Vikas VikasShrivastava, “Research on Structure for Flywheel Energy Storage System in Long Lifetime UPS”, India. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 11, (Part -3) November 2017, pp.22-2 [7] F. Blaabjerg, K. Ma, and Y. Yang, “Power electronics - the key technology for renewable energy systems,” in Proc. EVER, pp. 1–11,Mar. 2014 [8] Vikas Shrivastav, Seema Deshmukh “ Utility Of Charge Controller With Maximum Power Point Tracker For Photovoltaic System” Internatioal Conference on Electrical,Electronics,Communication,Mechanical,Computing(EECCME)-2018 ,IEEE Madras Section, CFP18037, 978-1-5386-4303-7 , 01-2018-1113,Vellore District Tamilnadu India ,January 2018 [9] J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan,R. C.PortilloGuisado, M. A. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. MorenoAlfonso,“Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002–1016, Jun 2006 [10] Vikas Shrivastava, “Industrial Design Aspects of High-Speed Electrical Machines among Active Magnetic Bearings designed for Compressor Applications” India. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 7, Issue 11, (Part -3) November 2017, pp.22-27